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Platform > Database System > Flashcards

Database System Flashcards

1
Q

Become “buried” in new program rather than being stated explicitly

A

Integrity problems

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2
Q

Access and manipulate data in existing schema objects

A

DML Statements

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3
Q

What happened on 1980s?

A
  • Research relational prototype evolve to commercial system
  • SQL becomes industrial standard
  • Development of parallel and distributed system. Contributors Wisconsin, IBM, Teradata
  • Introduction of object oriented database systems
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4
Q

Concurrent access needed for performance. Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to inconsistencies

A

Concurrent access by multiple users

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5
Q

What happened on 1990s?

A
  • Large decision support and data mining applications
  • Large multi-terabyte data warehouses
  • Emergence of Web Commerce
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6
Q

To specify the database schema

A

Data-Definition Language

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7
Q

A statement requesting retrieval of information

A

Query

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8
Q

Hard to add new constraints or change existing ones

A

Integrity problems

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9
Q

store the database itself

A

Data Files

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10
Q

Provides user with abstract view of data

A

Database Management System

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11
Q

Stores metadata about the structure of the database

A

Data Dictionary

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12
Q

Describes the database design at the logical level

A

Logical schema

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13
Q

Failures may leave database in an inconsistent state with partial updates carried out

A

Atomicity of updates

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14
Q

Deciding on the physical layout of the database

A

Physical Design

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15
Q

Provides fast access to data items

A

Indices

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16
Q

hide the complexity of data structure to represent data in the database

A

Data Abstraction

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17
Q

Requires the user what data are needed without specifying how to get those data

A

Declarative DMLs

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18
Q

To express database queries and updates

A

Data-Manipulation Language

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19
Q

The highest level of abstraction describes only part of the database

A

View Level

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20
Q

A collection of data

A

Database

21
Q

What happened on 2000s?

A
  • Rise of big data storage systems like Google BigTable, Yahoo Pnuts, Amazon
  • Introduction of No SQL Systems
  • Big data analysis beyond SQL like mapreduce and friends :)
22
Q

Provides a way to retrieve and store database data that is both convenient and efficient

A

Database Management System

23
Q

Provides pointer to the data items that hold particular value

A

Database Index

24
Q

Described how a record is stored

A

Physical Level

25
Q

Describes the database design at the physical level

A

Physical Schema

26
Q

executes low level instruction generated by DML compiler

A

Query Evaluation Complier

27
Q

What are the two types of DML?

A

Procedural DMLs and Declarative DMLs

28
Q

Deciding on the database schema

A

Logical Design

29
Q

Described what data are stored in the database

A

Logical Level

30
Q

Interprets DDL statement and record definition in the data dictionary

A

DDL Interpreters

31
Q

the portion of DML that involves information retrieval

A

Query Language

32
Q

Need to write a new programs to carry out each new tasks

A

Difficulty in accessing data

33
Q

What happened on 2010s?

A
  • SQL Reloaded
  • SQL front end to map reduce systems
  • Massively parallel database systems
  • Multi core main memory databases
34
Q

Data is stored in different file format resulting induplication information in different files

A

Data redundancy and inconsistency

35
Q

The actual content of the database

A

Instance

36
Q

Data are represented in the form of table

A

Relational Model

37
Q

a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationship, data semantics and consistency constraints

A

Data Models

38
Q

The overall design of the database

A

Schema

39
Q

Multiple files and formats

A

Data Isolation

40
Q

Requires the user what data are needed and how to get those data

A

Procedural DMLs

41
Q

What happened on late 1960s and 170s?

A

-Hard disks allowed access to data
-Network and Hierarchical data are widely used
- Ted Codd defines relational data model. He won ACM Turing Award for this work
- IBM Research begins System R prototype
- UC Berkeley (Michael Stonebreaker) begins Ingres Prototype
- Oracle releases first commercial relational database
-High performance transaction processing

42
Q

a program that provides interface between low level data in the database

A

Storage Manager

43
Q

What happened on 1950s and Early 1960s?

A
  • Data processing used magnetic tape for storage
  • Only allowed for sequential access
  • Used punched card for input
44
Q

Hard to provide user access to some, but not all data

A

Security

45
Q

Translates DML to query language into evaluation plan

A

DML Compiler

46
Q

A collection of interrelated data and a set of programs that access those data

A

Database Management System

47
Q

a collection of operation that performs single logical function

A

Transaction

48
Q

ensures that the database is in consistent state despite system failures

A

Transaction management component

49
Q

Controls the interaction among the concurrent transactions

A

Concurrency control manager

Platform (5 decks)

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