Data structure

Question 1

name data structures

Answer 1

any type of array, such as arrays, arrays of records, 2D/3D arrays

Question 2

Algorithms

Answer 2

procedure to solve a problem, any code that does something is an algorithm

Question 3

priming read

Answer 3

setting the initial condition using a read statement

such as having the value determined outside of a loop by having user enter value and if stays the same unless its incorrect/needs to be changed

Question 4

binary search

Answer 4

has to be in numbered order (ascending)
divides the data set by 2 and checks if the value is greater than or lower than the middle value
continues doing that until number is found

Question 5

linear search

Answer 5

doesnt have to be in numerical order
is usually slower than binary for large data sets
just does through the data linearly to find out answer

Question 6

bubble sort

Answer 6

Repeatedly steps through the input list element by element, comparing the current element with the one after it, swapping their values if needed.

basically compares elements with the one next to it and swaps if they need to be depending on the sort (ascending descending)

Question 7

insertion sort

Answer 7

has a complete side and an incomplete side.
builds the final sorted array one item at a time by comparisons. It is much less efficient on large lists

Question 8

selection sort

Answer 8

an effective and efficient sort algorithm based on comparison operations. It adds one element in each iteration. You need to select the smallest element in the array and move it to the beginning of the array by swapping with the front element.

Question 9

multidimensional arrays, 2d/3d

Answer 9

2d array is an array that has 2 variables and is like a table, you give coordinates to find a value e.g. array(2,3)

3d array is the same as 2d array but there is another additional dimension so there will be 3 coordinates to give to find a value e.g. array(2,3,5)

Question 10

array of records

Answer 10

array of records is an array that has multiple different arrays that can have diff data types as a normal array cannot have different data types. e.g. you can store customer birth date, firstname, phone number in the same array by using a record

Question 11

sequential file

Answer 11

one in which the individual records can only be accessed sequentially, that is, in the same order as they were originally written to the file. New records are always added to the end of the file.

sequential file has be be accessed in a certain order

Question 12

relative file

Answer 12

a file in which each record is identified by its ordinal position in the file (record 1, record 2 and so on). This means that records can be accessed randomly as well as sequentially: For sequential access, simply execute a READ or WRITE statement to access the next record in the file.

relative file can be accessed in any order, can edit anything in file

Question 13

local variable

Answer 13

a variable that only gets effected locally and doesn’t have a value outside the loop/module also declared within the loop/module

Question 14

global variable

Answer 14

value is declared outside loop/module and gets effected throughout the program so that the whole system can use that value

Question 15

ebnf
()
|
{}
value shown without <>

<variable>
</variable>

Answer 15

() - groups terms
{} - loop 0 or more repetitions

<variable> - the terms that go with the variable are defined elsewhere
without <> - literal, write value as seen
| - OR

| - OR
</variable>

Question 16

railroad
circle
rectangle

Answer 16

circle -literal, should be presented as it is seen
rectangle - use value from the areas it is declared