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Computing > Data Representation (paper 1) > Flashcards

Data Representation (paper 1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the order for the memory size

A

bit
nibble
byte
kibibyte
mebibyte
gibibyte
tebibyte
pebibyte
Bob Nibbled Bens Keish Made Gratefully To Paul

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2
Q

How many bits is in a byte

A

8

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3
Q

how many bits are in a nibble

A

4 bits (half a byte)

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4
Q

how many bytes are in a kibibyte

A

1024

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5
Q

how many bytes are in a mebibyte

A

1024 x 1024

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6
Q

how many bytes in a gibibyte

A

1024 x 1024 x 1024

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7
Q

how many bytes in a tebibyte

A

1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024

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8
Q

how do you work out how many mebibytes are in a value

A

divide it by 1024 x 1024

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9
Q

what is denary

A

the 10 number base number system (0-9)

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10
Q

what is binary

A

the 2 number base number system using the digits 0 and 1 and place values 1, 2, 4, 8, 16…

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11
Q

why do we use binary to represent data

A

becuase anything further would make the data hard to deal with and possibly cause error, it is simpler being one of two values

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12
Q

what is one of the benefits of binary

A
  • takes up less storage so it makes computers cheaper and more reliable
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13
Q

what is hexadecimal

A

the base 16 number system with the place values 1, 16, 256

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14
Q

how do you convert a denery number to binary

A

divide it by 2 and take the answer or remainer and repeat with the answer

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15
Q

Which bit is most significant in binary

A

the biggest

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16
Q

what does CPU stand for

A

central processing unit

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17
Q

what does a CPU do

A

store data in registers

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18
Q

why do overflow errors occur when adding binary

A

because if the result is greater than 255 then another bit is needed

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19
Q

what makes hexadecimal to binary easier

A

each value cna be taken into 4 binary bits and then just put the bits together

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20
Q

how do you convert denary to hexadecimal

A

divide the denary by 16 and then take the remainder and divide the result again

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21
Q

what is a sign bit

A

when all the other bits of the binary are negative

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22
Q

what is two’s complement

A

when only the MSB is the negative placeholder

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23
Q

how do you convert nagtive denary numbers into binary using two’s complement

A
  • write the binary as normal
  • change the 0 to 1 and 1 to 0
  • then add one
24
Q

What is the affect when binary shifts left

A

you multiply but the powers of 2

25
Q

what is the affect when the binary shifts right

A

you divide by the powers of 2

26
Q

How many places must you shift the binary left to x2

A

one

27
Q

How many places must you shift the binary left to x4

A

two

28
Q

How many places must you shift the binary left to x8

A

three

29
Q

State some uses of hexadecimal coding

A
  • HTML colour codes
  • MAC addresses
30
Q

why would a programmer prefer hex to binary

A
  • 4 binary numbers = 1 hex
    = easier to understand and cheaper
31
Q

what is the same given to a digit at the end of a sequence of values to calculate an error

A

check digit

32
Q

how is a check digit used to detect errors

A
  • value of check digit depends on other digits in sequence
  • if any numbers in sequence contain an error, the check digit will be incorrect
33
Q

how is text represented

A

each character on the keyboard has a binary value which is transmitted to the computer each time a key is pressed

34
Q

what is the character set used to represent text in america

A

ASCII

35
Q

what is a character set

A

it consits of all the letters, number and special characters that can be recognised by a computer system

36
Q

what are the two ways sound cann be recorded

A
  • analogue
  • digital
37
Q

how is sounds recorded

A

the amiplitude of the wave must be recorded in regualr intervals - more intervals results in a better quality recording

38
Q

how is sound stored in a computer

A
  • analogue sounds must be converted to digital to be stored and processed in a computer
  • then a digital to audio converter is used to digital signals into outputs
39
Q

how are images represented

A

a bitmap is made up of pixels

40
Q

what does a pixel represent

A

the smallest identifiable area of an image, each appearing as a square of a single colour

41
Q

what i image resolution

A

the number of pixels in the image

42
Q

what colour does 1 represeent

A

white

43
Q

if more colours represented what happens to the colour(bit) depth

A

it also increases, as does the file size

44
Q

how do you calculate the sile size in bytes of an image

A

(width in px x height in px x colour depth) / 8

45
Q

what does the desity of pixels affect

A

the sharpness of an image = smoother edges and better overall quality

46
Q

what do compression softwares do

A

use algorithms to remove repeated unneccessary data

47
Q

what is the purpose of useding data compression

A
  • reduce the size of a file on a disk
  • easier for streaming data over the internet
48
Q

what are the two types of data compression

A
  • lossy
  • lossless
49
Q

what are the file types which use lossy compression

A
  • JPG
  • MP3
  • WMV
  • MPG
50
Q

what are the benefits and disadvangtages of lossy compression

A

+ smaller file sizes
+ less transmission time
+ reduces internet traffic
-detail is permanently lost by reducing colour depth, resolution or sample rate

51
Q

what are the uses of lossy compression

A
  • music streaming
  • online images & videos
  • image libaries
52
Q

what file types use lossless compression

A
  • TIF
  • PDF
  • GIF
  • PNG
  • ZIP
53
Q

what are the benefits and disadvantages of lossless data compression

A

+ orignal quality is preserved , no information or data lots
-less significant reduction in file size

54
Q

what are the uses of lossless data compression

A
  • text documents
  • electronic books
  • high resolution print documents
55
Q

Explain how sampling is used to store audio recordings

A

Multiple sound samples are taken in regular intivals to record the sound, the higher the sample rate the better the quatlity of the sound, taking analogue values into digital values for storage

Computing (8 decks)

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