automated and emerging tech (AI and robotics) (paper 1) Flashcards

1
Q

describe how an automated system works

A
  • sensors take measurements of their environment
  • microprocessors process the change of environment and make decisions based off of the readings
  • the actuators make a physical change to the environment
  • like closing a door, turning on a light or alarm
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2
Q

what is meant by the term of an ‘automated system’

A

a system that operates without human intervention by using programmed commands and feeedback control

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3
Q

what are the key three regions automated systems are in

A
  • indsutry
  • agriculture
  • transport
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4
Q

how are automated systems used in industry

A
  • canned food must be at a certain temp and pressure before they can be cooled and deemed safe
  • temp of cans are measured by infra-red sensors and pressure by pressure sensors
  • if conditions are not correct heaters will be turned on and pressure up or down
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5
Q

why is it important for automated systems to be installed in industry for canned food although they are expensive

A

with the large number of cans being produced every single one must not have any harmful bacteria in

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6
Q

how are automated systems used in agriculture

A
  • humidity sensors
  • pH sensors
  • moisure sensors
  • all ensure that the crops are grown and stored in optimum conditions
  • microprocessors will process all readings and cause acutators to turn on sprinklers, heaters or to open vents
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7
Q

how are automated systems used in transport

A
  • proximity sensors in self-driving cars
  • automatically apply the breaks if a car gets too close to another
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8
Q

give some examples of robots

A
  • foctory equipment
  • robotic vacuum cleaners
  • agricultural robots
  • medical robots
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9
Q

give some characteristics of a robot

A
  • have a mechanical structure or framework
  • contain eletrical components
  • they are programmable
  • have sensors, microprocessors and actuators for movement
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10
Q

how can robots be used for entertainment

A
  • a childs toy robotic animal
  • drones
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11
Q

why may manufactoring businesses choose to use robots over humans

A
  • robots can lift heavier / larger items
  • reduces the danger risk to work staff
  • robots are more accurate to reduce faults in production
  • robots don’t require breaks
  • despite initial costs, robots don’t need wages
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12
Q

what does AI stand for

A

artificial inteligence

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13
Q

what is AI

A

the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of AI

A
  • Collection of data
  • Rules for using the data – these rules may be programmed into a program, or the program may discover the rules
  • The ability to reason
  • The ability to learn or adapt
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15
Q

what is an expert system

A

something which simulates a human expert

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16
Q

what do expert systems contain which allows us to interact with them

A

an interface

17
Q

what do expert systems all have

A
  • a knowledge base
  • a rule base
  • an inference engine
  • an interface
18
Q

what is in an expert system’s knowledge base

A

the information they know about certain things

19
Q

what is in an expert system’s rule base

A

rules about certain things which they observe and can make desicions from

20
Q

what does the inference engine do for an expert system

A

allows it is apply new rules when coming across something new

21
Q

how do AI devices solve problems

A

machine learning

22
Q

what does machine learning do for computers

A

it allows computers to learn from data and improve their performance on specific tasks without being explicitly programmed

23
Q

describe how machine learning works in AI

A
  • Machine learning is where a program automatically learns by creating its own rules / adapting its own processes/data.
  • Training data is fed into the system so that it can learn to identify certain rules.
  • The larger the training data set, the more accurate the system will become
24
Q

what are the two types of AI

A
  • machine learning
  • expert systems
25
Q

describe how expert systems work

A
  • A set of facts are put into a knowledge base
  • A set of rules are given in a rule base
  • An inference engine is used to deduce answers to questions / carry out deductive reasoning
  • An interface is what is shown to users and is used to ask questions & give answers
26
Q

give the characteristics of AI

A
  • ability to reason
  • ability to learn/adapt
  • the collection of data
  • rules for using data
27
Q

give examples of domestic use of robots

A
  • robotic vacuum cleaner
  • robotic lawn mower