automated and emerging tech (AI and robotics) (paper 1) Flashcards
describe how an automated system works
- sensors take measurements of their environment
- if change noticed data is sent to microprocessor
- microprocessor converts data from analogue to digital
- data is compared to set instructions
- the actuators make a physical change to the environment
- like closing a door, turning on a light or alarm
what is meant by the term of an ‘automated system’
a system that operates without human intervention by using programmed commands and feeedback control
what are the key three regions automated systems are in
- indsutry
- agriculture
- transport
how are automated systems used in industry
- canned food must be at a certain temp and pressure before they can be cooled and deemed safe
- temp of cans are measured by infra-red sensors and pressure by pressure sensors
- if conditions are not correct heaters will be turned on and pressure up or down
why is it important for automated systems to be installed in industry for canned food although they are expensive
with the large number of cans being produced every single one must not have any harmful bacteria in
how are automated systems used in agriculture
- humidity sensors
- pH sensors
- moisure sensors
- all ensure that the crops are grown and stored in optimum conditions
- microprocessors will process all readings and cause acutators to turn on sprinklers, heaters or to open vents
how are automated systems used in transport
- proximity sensors in self-driving cars
- automatically apply the breaks if a car gets too close to another
give some examples of robots
- foctory equipment
- robotic vacuum cleaners
- agricultural robots
- medical robots
give some characteristics of a robot
- have a mechanical structure or framework
- contain eletrical components
- they are programmable
- have sensors, microprocessors and actuators for movement
how can robots be used for entertainment
- a childs toy robotic animal
- drones
why may manufactoring businesses choose to use robots over humans
- robots can lift heavier / larger items
- reduces the danger risk to work staff
- robots are more accurate to reduce faults in production
- robots don’t require breaks
- despite initial costs, robots don’t need wages
what does AI stand for
artificial inteligence
what is AI
the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
what are the characteristics of AI
- Collection of data
- Rules for using the data – these rules may be programmed into a program, or the program may discover the rules
- The ability to reason
- The ability to learn or adapt
what is an expert system
something which simulates a human expert
what do expert systems contain which allows us to interact with them
an interface
what do expert systems all have
- a knowledge base
- a rule base
- an inference engine
- an interface
what is in an expert system’s knowledge base
the information they know about certain things
what is in an expert system’s rule base
rules about certain things which they observe and can make desicions from
what does the inference engine do for an expert system
allows it is apply new rules when coming across something new
how do AI devices solve problems
machine learning
what does machine learning do for computers
it allows computers to learn from data and improve their performance on specific tasks without being explicitly programmed
describe how machine learning works in AI
- Machine learning is where a program automatically learns by creating its own rules / adapting its own processes/data.
- Training data is fed into the system so that it can learn to identify certain rules.
- The larger the training data set, the more accurate the system will become
what are the two types of AI
- machine learning
- expert systems
