DATA PROCESSING Flashcards
The word data is derived from Latin language
Datum
Any collection of facts of figures
Data
is the raw material to be processed by a computer
Data
Datum
Singular
Data
Plural
Example of Data are:
- Names of students
- Marks obtained in the examination
- Designation of employees
- Addresses
- Quantity
- Rate
- Sales Figures
- Photographs
- Drawings
- Charts and Maps
Measured or identified on a numerical scale
Numeric Data
Using statistical methods results can be displayed using tables, Charts, Histograms, Graphs
Numeric Data
The two types of Data
- Numeric Data
- Character Data
Used to describe certain types of information
Character Data
Terms are more precisely described as data in terms
Character Data
is represented in the form of numbers
Numeric Data
s 0-9 digits, a decimal
point (.), +, /, – sign and the letters “E” or “D” is an example of what type of data?
Numeric Data
The two groups of Character Data are
- String Data
- Graphical Data
consists of the sequence of characters
String Data
The string data is further divided into two types
- Alphabetic Data
- Alphanumeric Data
It is possible that pictures, charts and maps can be treated
as data
Graphical Data
The scanner is normally used to enter this type of data.
Graphical Data
The common use of this data is found in the National Identity Card.
Graphical Data
A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea
Information
It may provide answers to questions like who, which,when, why,what,how
Information
What raw input means?
The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form.
What does it mean when data is collated or organized?
When data is collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance. This meaningful organization is information.
Any operation or set of operations performed upon data, whether or not
by automatic means, such as
❖ Collection
❖ Recording
❖ Organization
❖ Storage
❖ Adaptation
❖ Alteration to convert it into useful information.
Data Processing
Once data is collected, it is processed to convert it into useful information. The data is processed again and again until an accurate result is achieved. This thing is called
Data processing cycle
Process through which collected data is transformed into a form that computer can understand
Input
It is a very important step because the correct output result totally depends on this
Input
In the input step, what are the following activities can be performed?
- Verification
- Coding
- Storing
- Calculations
- Summarizing
The collected data is verified to determine whether it is correct
as required.
Verification
The verified data is coded or converted into machine-readable form so that it can be processed through a computer.
Coding
The data is stored on the secondary storage into a file. The stored data on the storage media will be given to the program as input for processing.
Storing
The arithmetic operations are performed on the numeric data to get the required results
Calculated
The data is processed to represent it in a summarized form.
Summarizing
means that the summary of data is prepared for top management
ft
Denotes the actual data manipulation
techniques that convert data into information. such as classifying, sorting,
calculating, summarizing, comparing
Processing
The data is classified into different groups and subgroups so that each group or sub-group of data can be
handled separately
Classification
The data is arranged into an order so that it can be accessed very quickly as and when required
Storing
After completing the processing step, _____ is generated
Output
What is the main purpose of data processing?
The main purpose of data processing is to get the required result
It is stored on the storage media for later user
Output
In output step, following activities can be performed
- Retrieval
- Conversion
- Communication
Output stored on the storage media can be retrieved at any time.
Retrieval
The generated output can be converted into different forms
Conversion
It can be represented into graphical form
Conversion
The generated output is sent to different
places.
Communication
What type of example is this “weather forecast is prepared and sent
to different agencies and newspapers etc. where it is required”
Communication
This method of data processing involves human intervention.
Manual Data Processing
Implies many opportunities for errors, such as delays in data capture
Manual Data Processing
as every single data field has to be keyed in manually
Manual Data Processing
A high amount of operator misprints
Manual Data Processing
It implies higher labor expenses in regards to spending for equipment and supplies, rent, etc
Manual Data Processing
Is the processing of data by a computer and its programs in an environment involving electronic communication.
EDP (Electronic Data Processing)
a term that was created when most computing input was physically put into the computer in punched card form or in ATM cards form and output as punched cards or paper reports
EDP evolved from “DP” (data processing)
there is a continual input, process and output of data
Real Time Processing
Data has to be processed in a small stipulated time period, otherwise it will create problems for
the system.
Real Time Processing
group of transactions collected over a period of time is collected, entered, processed then the batch results are produced.
Batch Processing
requires separate programs for input,
process and output
Batch Processing
It is an efficient way of processing high volume data
Batch Processing
Payroll system is an example of
Batch Processing
Examination system is an example of
Batch Processing
Billing System is an example of
Batch Processing
They are also capable of manipulating numeric and other symbols used in text with equal efficiency.
Calculation and Text Manipulation
Both data and program instructions are stored internally in a computer
Storage and Retrieval
