Computer Software and System Flashcards
the general term applied to the collection of instructions that direct the computer’s hardware how to perform work
Software
the programs and other operating information used by a computer
Software
This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.
Software
consist of instructions communicated electronically to the hardware.
Software
Boot up the computer system; controls input, output storage; and controls the operations of the application software; consist of programs that controls the operation of the computer and its devices
System software
Provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system
System Software
A computer cannot function without an ________
Operating System
a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.
Operating System
The core parts includes supervisory programs, boot loaders, shells and window systems
Operating System
In practice, it comes bundled with additional software (including application software) so that a user can
potentially do some work with a computer that only has one operating system.
Operating System
which operate or control a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.
Device Drivers
Drivers may interface with
-Printers
-Video adapters
-Network cards
-Sound cards
-Computer storage devices such as hard disk
-CD-ROM
-Floppy disk
-Image scanners
-Digital cameras
This kind of software is designed to maintain the computer
Utilities
Is the operational software embedded within a flash drive, ROM or EPROM memory chip for the operating system to identify it
Firmware
Includes the various programs that users require to perform day to day tasks
Application Software
software that uses the computer system to perform special functions or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the computer itself
Application software
What are the types of software
- System Software
- Application Software
System Software includes the following:
-Operating System
-Device Drivers
-Utilities
What are the types of application Software
- Word Processor
- Spreadsheet
- DBMS (Database Management System)
- Graphics
- Educational
- Games
- Accounting Package
Any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client or computer network
Malicious Software or Malware
Software that is developed to harm and disrupt computers
Malicious software or malware
Is closely associated with computer-related crimes, though some malicious programs may have been designed as practical jokes
Malware
A range of antivirus software, firewalls and other strategies are used to help protect against the introduction of malware, to help detect it if it is already present, and to recover from malware-associated malicious activity and attacks
Malicious Software or Malware
A part of the software with which you interact; it controls how data and instructions are entered and how information is presented on the screen
User Interface
Types of User Interface
- Command Line Interface
- Graphical User Interface (GUI)
You type keywords or press special keys from the keyboard to enter data and instructions
Command Line Interface
Are set of commands you use to interact with the computer
Command Language
Allows you to use menus and visual images such as icons
Graphical User Interface
Are small images that represents a program, instructions or information
Icon
The translation programs are called
-Assemblers
-Compilers
-Interpreters
Are needed to convert instructions written in English-like language into binary
Translation programs
A means of communicating with the computer
Programming Language
A set of words, symbols, and codes that enables a programmer to communicate a solution algorithm to computer.
Programming Language
Refers to how close the language is to the actual machine
Level
Machine Language and Assembly Language is in what level?
First Level
Includes high-level procedural and nonprocedural language
Second Level
A natural language
Third Level (fifth generation)
The true language of the computer
Machine Language
Consists only of binary numbers 1’s and 0’s, representing the on and off electrical impulses
Machine Language
It is far more English-like Language
Assembler Language
Instructions have a one-to-one correspondence with a machine language instructions
Assembler Language
What code is this?
PRINT_LOOP: CALL WRITE_CHAR INC DL LOOP
PRINT_LOOP MOV AH,4CH INT 21H;21H
Assembler Language Code
Requires the programmer to specify both what the computer is to do and the procedure on how to do it.
Procedural Language
Specialized application programs that require more involvement of the user in directing the program to do necessary work
Fourth Generation Language
Also called natural language
Fifth generation language
The user tells the machine what to do in the user’s own natural language or through use of a set of very English-like commands
Fifth Generation Language
Is designed to meet the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company.
Package software
it is sometimes called commercial-of-the-shelf software
Software Packages
Refers to the process of writing a computer program, which is a series of instructions written in proper sequence to solve a specific problem
Computer Programming
Program encompasses the program instructions and is generally written by a computer programmer
Computer Programming
Steps in writing a computer program
-Problem definition
-Program design
-Writing the code and program documentation
-Testing
-Program documentation
The six elements
- Interdependent parts
- Input to the system
- System processes
- Output of the system
- System control
- Feedback
The most defining attribute of a system is that its parts interact to conduct
some process.
Interdependent parts
Is any factor from the external environment that is taken into the system.
Input
is the activity of the system. The system performs process on its inputs to procedure outputs, or create some sort of results.
Process
is any product or waste produced as a result of system process.
Output
refers to any component or activity that serves to prevent or correct problems or errors in the system’s input, process or output.
Control
is the output from one part of a system process that serves as input to
another part of a system process
Feedback
the collection and integration of various
pieces of hardware and software and the human resources that meet the data
collection, storage, processing and report generation needs of an organization.
Information System
Provides managers information about their business operations.
Management Information System
an organized system for managing the flow of information in an organization in a timely manner
Management Information System
Have programs that support strategic planning, management control and operation support.
Management Information System
refers to the policy decisions
made by the top-level team of administrators.
Strategic Planning
a retrieval system that generally refers to bibliographic data, document information or literature.
Bibliographic Retrieval Systems
Primarily used to store and retrieve data and not to conduct any computations per se.
Bibliographic Retrieval Systems
designed to provide bibliographic data on journal articles, books, monographs and textual report.
Bibliographic Retrieval Systems
A special purpose system
Stand-alone systems
Developed for a single application or set of functions
Stand-Alone systems
Used to process predefined transactions and produce predefined reports
Transaction Systems
Designed for repeated operations using a fixed list
Transactions Systems
widely used in hospital patient care
units, in surgery, and more and more
commonly, in private homes
Physiologic Monitoring System
being used more frequently to measure
and monitor continuous automatic
physiologic findings such as heart rate
Physiologic Monitoring System
a computer system that supports some aspects of the human decision-making
process
Decision support system
It works with the user to support, but not replace, human judgment in a
decision- making situation.
Decision Support System
A computer system containing the information and decision-making strategies of an expert to assist non- experts in decision-making.
Expert System
designed for a user to simulate the cause and effect reasoning that a expert would use if confronted with the same situation in real live environment
Expert System
a system that attempts to a model
human reasoning processes.
Artificial Intelligence System
Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
Vision System
Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks with high precision
Robotics
Stores knowledge and makes inferences
Expert System
a system that can understand and
process commands given in the user’s own natural, spoken language.
Natural Language System
It requires the computer to understand a wide range of words, speech styles, syntax and sentence structure.
Natural Language System
Sometimes called medical information system (MIS) or patient care system (PCS)
Hospital Information System
It provides support for a wide variety of both administrative and clinical functions
Hospital Information System
Its purpose is to manage information needed to facilitate daily hospital operations by all health care personnel
Hospital Information System
can use several computer system
configurations.
His configurations
The most common uses mainframe computer with hardwired terminals or workstations.
HIS Configurations
Many hospitals configuration include the
dedicated ___for special purposes, such as nurse staffing, pharmacy or laboratory systems
IS
Another configurations employs a LAN
HIS Configurations
What are the program modules available in an HIS?
- Admission and discharge
- Patient tracking
- Finance
- Payroll
- Billing
- Budgeting support
- Inventory
- Management reporting programs
These both support administrative and clinical operations.
Semiclinical Modules
Monitors and sometimes controls the flow of patients in a hospital from admission to discharge
ADT
Automatically prepare the midnight census and activity reports.
ADT
Means that the staff can enter laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology orders online
ORDER-ENTRY-RESULT-REPORTING MODULE
means that the lab, pharmacy and
radiology can enter the results into the computer system and have those results available to the nursing unit
Result reporting
Also known as point-of-care system
POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM
Uses a hand-held or bedside PC to ensure that data are entered at the point at which they are collected.
POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM
Designed to save time by recording critical clinical data such as patient assessment, drug administration, vital signs.
POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM
