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ACMT > Data Management > Flashcards

Data Management Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the Finder hide certain folders at the root of the system volume?

A

It hides traditional UNIX resources from average users because they don’t need to have access to those items.

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2
Q

What 2 methods are used to hide items from the Finder?

A

Periods at the beginning of file names

Hidden file flag enabled

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3
Q

What does OS X use bundles or packages for?

A

To combine complex items into individual folders. Packages have the additional advantage of appearing as a single item in the Finder.

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4
Q

How does an alias differ from a symbolic link?

A

An alias contains additional information that allows the system to keep track of the original item if it’s renamed or moved within the same volume.

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5
Q

What are the 4 default top-level folders visible in the Finder?

A

Applications
Library
System
Users

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6
Q

What are 6 common system resources? What purpose does each resource serve? where are they located in the file hierarchy?

A

Extensions - attach themselves to the system kernel to provide hard are and peripheral driver support

Frameworks - shared code libraries that provide additional software resources for applications and system processes

Fonts

Preference Files - contain application and system configuration information

LaunchAgents & Daemons - used by launched to provide services that automatically start when needed at system startup or at user login

Logs - text files that contain error and progress entries from nearly any application or system service

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7
Q

What are the 4 system resource domains? What purpose does each domain serve?

A

User - contains applications and system resources specific to each user account

Local - contains applications and system resources available to all users on the local Mac

Network (optional) - contains applications and system resources available to any Mac that has an automated network share

System - contains applications and system resources required to provide basic system functionality

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8
Q

What purpose does the ~/Library/Containers folder serve? What items will you find in this folder?

A

Contains resources for sandboxed applications.

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9
Q

What happens when a user double-clicks on a font file?

A

It automatically opens a preview of the font in the Font Book application. From here, the user can click the Install Font button to copy the font into ~/Library/Fonts.

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10
Q

How can you identify duplicate fonts?

A

The Font Book application shows a small dot next to the name of any font that has duplicate resources

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11
Q

What’s file system metadata? What are some examples of file system metadata?

A

It’s information stored outside of a file or folder. It provides additional information including file flags, extended file attributes, and permissions

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12
Q

What are some of the common file flags used by OS X? (2 things)

A

Locked Flag

Hidden Flag

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13
Q

What are file system tags? Where can you find tags in the user interface?

A

A type of metadata that allow you to quickly assign keyword, or “tags” to any item. The user can customize the tag names and colors.

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14
Q

How does the Spotlight search service use metadata?

A

It creates index databases of file system metadata so that it can perform normally time intensive searches nearly instantly.

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15
Q

Where does Spotlight store its metadata index databases? How about the Spotlight plug-ins?

A

They are stored at the root of every volume in a /.Spotlight-V100 folder. However, a Legacy FileVault user’s database is stored in his encrypted home folder. Mail.app has its own database in each user’s home folder at ~/Library/Mail/V2/MailData/Envelope Index.

Spotlight plugins are located in any Library folder in a folder named Spotlight.

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16
Q

What are some privacy and security concerns with the Spotlight service?

A

It allows other users to search the contents of locally attached non system volumes when ownership is ignored on those volumes.

17
Q

How do you resolve an issues where a Spotlight search doesn’t find the correct item?

A

Force a rebuild of Spotlight index databases - Add an item to the Spotlight preferences Privacy list and then remove it.

18
Q

What type of file is created by the Finder when you select the Archive option?

A

Compressed zip archive files

19
Q

What OS X application is set as the default for opening archive files?

A

The system automatically expands the contents of the zip archive

20
Q

Which OS X application is responsible for the creation and management of disk images?

A

Disk Utility

21
Q

Why would one use an archive file over a disk image? Why would one use a disk image over an archive file?

A

Archive files are much simpler to create in the Finder and are compatible with third-party operating systems. Disk Images are more difficult to create and manage, but they offer greater flexibility.

22
Q

What backup destination disks does Time Machine support?

A

Any Mac OS X Extended volume or network shares hosted from Time Capsule or OS X Server

23
Q

How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the file system?

A

It starts with a full copy of the file system to the backup disk. It then maintains a list of changes to the file system, and every hour copies only the changes to the backup disk. In the backup it creates a simulation of the full file system using hard links for files that haven’t changed.

24
Q

What types of files are omitted from Time Machine backups? (5 things)

A 
Temporary files
Spotlight indexes
Items in the Trash
Log files
Any other caches
25
Q

Why is Time Machine inefficient at backing up large databases?

A

Because it must back up the entire database file every time any change, no matter how small, is made to the database

26
Q

Why might a previously backed-up item no longer be available in Time Machine?

A

If the backup volume is full and Time Machine had to start deleting older items to make room for newer items.

27
Q

What 4 methods can be used to restore from a Time Machine backup?

A

Navigating through the backup history via the Time Machine application

Restoring a user account via Migration Assistant

Restoring an entire system via OS X Recovery

Manually restoring items via the Finder

ACMT (8 decks)

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