Data, Information and Information Systems

Question 1

raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed

Answer 1

data

Question 2

“Data” comes from a singular Latin word,

Answer 2

datum

Question 3

datum means

Answer 3

something given

Question 4

It refers to the data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.

Answer 4

information

Question 5

A formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information.

Answer 5

Information System

Question 6

major companies are built entirely around information systems as follows:

Answer 6

eBay
Amazon
Alibaba
Google

Question 7

Information system was depicted in a

Answer 7

pyramid of systems

Question 8

different types of information systems

Answer 8

Transaction processing systems
management information systems
decision support systems
executive information systems

Question 9

It is an operational-level system at the bottom of the pyramid.

Answer 9

transaction processing system

Question 10

It is usually operated directly by shop floor workers or front line staff, which provide the key data required to support the management of operations.

Answer 10

tps

Question 11

These data are usually obtained through the automated or semi-automated tracking of low-level activities and basic transactions.

Answer 11

tps

Question 12

ultimately little more than simple data processing system.

Answer 12

tps

Question 13

examples of TPS

Answer 13

Payroll systems
Order processing systems
Reservation systems
Stock control systems
Systems for payments and funds transfers

Question 14

The Roles of TPS

Answer 14

Produce information for other systems
Cross boundaries (internal and external)
Used by operational personnel + supervisory levels
Efficiency oriented

Question 15

types of Information Systems found in commercial organizations are referred to as

Answer 15

MIS

Question 16

management-level systems that are used by middle managers to help ensure the smooth running of the organization in the short to medium term.

Answer 16

MIS

Question 17

The highly structured information provided by these systems allows managers to evaluate an organization’s performance by comparing current with previous outputs.

Answer 17

MIS

Question 18

is built on the data provided by the TPS

Answer 18

MIS

Question 19

Examples of Management Information System

Answer 19

Sales management systems
Inventory control systems
Budgeting systems
Management Reporting Systems (MRS)
Personnel (HRM) systems

Question 20

The Roles of MIS

Answer 20

Based on internal information flows
Support relatively structured decisions
Inflexible and have little analytical capacity
Used by lower and middle managerial levels
Deals with the past and present rather than the future
Efficiency oriented

Question 21

a knowledge-based system, used by senior managers, which facilitates the creation of knowledge and allows its integration into the organization.

Answer 21

Decision Support System

Question 22

This system is often used to analyze existing structured information and allows managers to project the potential effects of their decisions into the future.

Answer 22

DSS

Question 23

It is usually interactive and is used to solve ill-structured problems.

Answer 23

DSS

Question 24

It offers access to databases, analytical tools, allows “what if” simulations, and may support the exchange of information within the organization.

Answer 24

DSS

Question 25

manipulates and builds upon the information from a MIS and/or TPS to generate insights and new information.

Answer 25

DSS

Question 26

Examples of DSS

Answer 26

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Computer Supported Co-operative work (CSCW) Logistics systems Financial Planning systems Spreadsheet Models

Question 27

The Roles of DSS

Answer 27

Supports ill- structured or semi-structured decisions Has analytical and/or modelling capacity Used by more senior managerial levels Concerned with predicting the future Effectiveness-oriented

Question 28

It is a strategic-level information system that is found at the top of the Pyramid.

Answer 28

Executive Information System

Question 29

It helps executives and senior managers analyze the environment in which the organization operates, to identify long-term trends, and to plan appropriate courses of action.

Answer 29

EIS

Question 30

The information in such system is often weakly structured and it comes from both internal and external sources.

Answer 30

EIS

Question 31

It is designed to be operated directly by executives without the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the preferences of the individuals using them.

Answer 31

EIS

Question 32

organizes and presents data and information from both external data sources and internal MIS or TPS in order to support and extend the inherent capabilities of senior executives.

Answer 32

EIS

Question 33

Examples of EIS

Answer 33

Executive Information System tends to be highly individualized and is often custom-made for a particular client group. However, a number of off-the-shelf EIS packages do exist and many enterprise level systems offer a customizable EIS module.

Question 34

The Roles of EIS

Answer 34

Concerned with ease of use Concerned with predicting the future Effectiveness-oriented Highly flexible Supports unstructured decisions Uses internal and external data sources Used only at the most senior management levels