Data Collection Techniques in Psychology Flashcards
What are the main types of research design?
experimental and correlational
What are the main three experimental designs?
Lab-based, field-based, natural experiments
Evaluate lab based studies
Pro: controlled, replicate
Con: artificial, demand characteristics
Evaluate field based studies
Pro: high ecological validity, less demand characteristics
Con: less control over confounding variables
Evaluate natural experiments
Pro: high ecological, ethical issues arent here
Con: costly, no control
Evaluate correlational design
Pro: predict relationship, generalise to more contexts, investigate ethical stuff
con: cannot establish causaiton
What are the data collection methods in psychology?
o Observational methods o Case studies o Surveys o Interviews o Experiments o New technologies
What are the three main types of observational data?
Controlled observation, naturalistic observation and participant observation
Eval controlled observations
Pro: easy to replicate, quick to analyse and conduct
COn: hawthorne effect
Eval naturalistic observations
Pro: ecological validity, inform further research
Con: difficult on small scale and to replicate
Eval of participant observations
Pro: ecological validity, inform further research
con: challenges w recording of data, loss of objecivity and researcher bias
Examples of controlled observations
Ainsworth and bandura
Examples of naturalistic observations
Croft (Killer whale menopause)
Levine (group violence)
Examples of participant observations
Festinger- cults and cognitive dissonance
THree ways to record data
Event sampling, time sampling and instantaneous sampling
Main features of case studies
Idiographic approach, many techniques
Eval of case studies
Pro: rich info
COn: unable to establish cause and effect because of causal inference
Types of surveys
In-person, telephone, mail out, web-based
Eval of interviews
Pro: representative,
Con: misleading info
Eval of experiments
Pro: can establish causal inference, control variables
con: validity and reliabiltiy
Researhc methods use wich new technologies?
internet, apps, virtual reality, social media
How does internet help psychology
digital therapy through linear program of sessions
What is inhibition training using apps?
Perosnalised brain training leading to new associative relationships between cues adn response
Types of Virtual reality
immersive, semi-immersive, non-immersive
How is VR applied in socila psych
increases participants engagement in researh
how is vr applied in clinical psych
assessment, therapy and training
What is purposive sampling?
A purposive sample is a non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling.
what is cluster sampling?
With cluster sampling, the researcher divides the population into separate groups, called clusters. Then, a simple random sample of clusters is selected from the population. The researcher conducts his analysis on data from the sampled clusters.
What is a latin square design?
a form of partial counterbalancing, so that each group of trials occur in each position an equal number of times
