Data Collection Techniques in Psychology

Question 1

What are the main types of research design?

Answer 1

experimental and correlational

Question 2

What are the main three experimental designs?

Answer 2

Lab-based, field-based, natural experiments

Question 3

Evaluate lab based studies

Answer 3

Pro: controlled, replicate
Con: artificial, demand characteristics

Question 4

Evaluate field based studies

Answer 4

Pro: high ecological validity, less demand characteristics
Con: less control over confounding variables

Question 5

Evaluate natural experiments

Answer 5

Pro: high ecological, ethical issues arent here
Con: costly, no control

Question 6

Evaluate correlational design

Answer 6

Pro: predict relationship, generalise to more contexts, investigate ethical stuff

con: cannot establish causaiton

Question 7

What are the data collection methods in psychology?

Answer 7

o	Observational methods
o	Case studies
o	Surveys
o	Interviews
o	Experiments
o	New technologies

Question 8

What are the three main types of observational data?

Answer 8

Controlled observation, naturalistic observation and participant observation

Question 9

Eval controlled observations

Answer 9

Pro: easy to replicate, quick to analyse and conduct

COn: hawthorne effect

Question 10

Eval naturalistic observations

Answer 10

Pro: ecological validity, inform further research

Con: difficult on small scale and to replicate

Question 11

Eval of participant observations

Answer 11

Pro: ecological validity, inform further research

con: challenges w recording of data, loss of objecivity and researcher bias

Question 12

Examples of controlled observations

Answer 12

Ainsworth and bandura

Question 13

Examples of naturalistic observations

Answer 13

Croft (Killer whale menopause)

Levine (group violence)

Question 14

Examples of participant observations

Answer 14

Festinger- cults and cognitive dissonance

Question 15

THree ways to record data

Answer 15

Event sampling, time sampling and instantaneous sampling

Question 16

Main features of case studies

Answer 16

Idiographic approach, many techniques

Question 17

Eval of case studies

Answer 17

Pro: rich info
COn: unable to establish cause and effect because of causal inference

Question 18

Types of surveys

Answer 18

In-person, telephone, mail out, web-based

Question 19

Eval of interviews

Answer 19

Pro: representative,

Con: misleading info

Question 20

Eval of experiments

Answer 20

Pro: can establish causal inference, control variables

con: validity and reliabiltiy

Question 21

Researhc methods use wich new technologies?

Answer 21

internet, apps, virtual reality, social media

Question 22

How does internet help psychology

Answer 22

digital therapy through linear program of sessions

Question 23

What is inhibition training using apps?

Answer 23

Perosnalised brain training leading to new associative relationships between cues adn response

Question 24

Types of Virtual reality

Answer 24

immersive, semi-immersive, non-immersive

Question 25

How is VR applied in socila psych

Answer 25

increases participants engagement in researh

Question 26

how is vr applied in clinical psych

Answer 26

assessment, therapy and training

Question 27

What is purposive sampling?

Answer 27

A purposive sample is a non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling.

Question 28

what is cluster sampling?

Answer 28

With cluster sampling, the researcher divides the population into separate groups, called clusters. Then, a simple random sample of clusters is selected from the population. The researcher conducts his analysis on data from the sampled clusters.

Question 29

What is a latin square design?

Answer 29

a form of partial counterbalancing, so that each group of trials occur in each position an equal number of times