data collection in quantitative research

Question 1

what do outcomes of trials need to be?

Answer 1

meaningful, measurable, responsive and valid and reliable

Question 2

define reliability?

Answer 2

repeated measurements provide a consistent result given the initial circumstances

Question 3

what does validity mean?

Answer 3

does what your measuring, measure what you intended to measure

Question 4

what are the two types of validity?

Answer 4

internal and external

Question 5

what is internal validity?

Answer 5

did the independent variable really change the dependent variable, was it legitimate because of the way the study was conducted

Question 6

what is external validity?

Answer 6

concerns about whether the results are transferable to other groups

Question 7

what are 6 threats to internal validity?

Answer 7

history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, mortality, selection bias

Question 8

define history?

Answer 8

events happening outside the study

Question 9

define maturation?

Answer 9

changes that happen over time

Question 10

define instrumentation?

Answer 10

changes in measurement rather than changes in status

Question 11

define mortality?

Answer 11

differences in study drop out

Question 12

name 3 threats to external validity?

Answer 12

selection effects, reactive effects, measurement effects

Question 13

define selection effects?

Answer 13

generalisability to other populations, when ideal sample population cannot be obtained

Question 14

define reactive effects?

Answer 14

response to just being in the study also known as the hawthorn effect

Question 15

define measurement effects?

Answer 15

measurement and testing effects the generalisability