Data Classification

Question 1

Process of transforming collected data into a graphical representation of features and attributes relevant to the purpose of the map

Answer 1

CARTOGRAPHIC ABSTRACTION

Question 2

retention of more important features and omission of less important ones

Answer 2

Selection

Question 3

smoothing” or transformation of features into less complex forms

Answer 3

Simplification or generalization

Question 4

often a consequence of scale (thus of generalization), this is committed to retain features and legibility

Answer 4

Locational shift and size aggregation

Question 5

grouping of similar attributes or characteristics of features

Answer 5

Classification

Question 6

use of symbols to communicate a factual or perceptual characteristic of objects or features

Answer 6

Symbolization

Question 7

Allows map users to detect patterns and spatial relationships

Answer 7

DATA SYMBOLIZATION

Question 8

A method of cartographic representation which employs distinctive color or shading applied to areas other than those bounded by isolines.
Choro – area ; plethos value
These maps give the map reader the impression that the phenomenon
Tonal shadings are graduated to reflect area variations in numbers, in frequencies, or in densities

Answer 8

CHOROPLETH MAPS

Question 9

Area defined for a particular purpose and within which data are collected and aggregated.
Areal units must be large enough for the reader to see and differentiate patterns.

Answer 9

ENUMERATION UNIT

Question 10

The process of taking enumerated data and attempting to remove biases and misleading messages that are founded in differences between the enumeration units.

Answer 10

NORMALIZATION

Question 11

____ involves decisions on the number of classes and the class breaks
- also reduces color-based simultaneous contrast effects in the map

Answer 11

Classification

Question 12

The user can define the break values (lower and upper bounds) of the classes

Answer 12

Manual

Question 13

the break value doesn’t come from the data being analyzed

Answer 13

exogenous classification

Question 14

Creates classes of equal range
Easy to read because of regularity in intervals
Suited for continuous data mapping (WHY?)
Weak at revealing subtle differences between features of similar values

Answer 14

Equal interval

Question 15

The user can define the interval of the classes
- arbitrary classification (in 10s or 100s)

Answer 15

Defined interval

Question 16

Arranges observations from low to high and places equal numbers of observation in each category

Answer 16

Quantile

Question 17

In this method, the widths of the category intervals in size at a geometric (that os, multiplicative) rate
- Designed to accommodate continuous data
- Compromise method between equal interval, natural breaks (jenks),
- logarithmic

Answer 17

Geometric interval

Question 18

Creates classes by grouping clusters of similar values in the range of values
Boundaries are set where there are relatively big jumps in values
Best for uneven distribution of values

Answer 18

Natural breaks

Question 19

Creates classes where the sum of the areas of the features in each class are approximately equal
Consequence: large polygons an be a class in themselves

Answer 19

Equal area

Question 20

Smaller distributions ng data

Answer 20

Natural breaks

Question 21

Good for mapping features with values higher or lower than the average
Appropriate for bell-shaped distributions

Answer 21

Standard deviation

Question 22

advantage:
Comparing areas of roughly the same size
Mapping values that are evenly distributed
Emphasizing relative position of a feature

Answer 22

quantile

Question 23

a data classification technique that can be particularly useful when analyzing COVID-19-related data, including vaccination gaps, hospital bed availability, and reproduction rates

Answer 23

natural breaks, also known as Jenks natural breaks or the Jenks optimization method

Question 24

Weak at revealing subtle differences between
features of similar values

Answer 24

Equal Interval

Question 25

when data is divided in this way, the
cutpoints of the distribution may be arranged at
irregular intervals along the span of distribution

Answer 25

Quantile

Question 26

creates a balance between highlighting changes in the middle values and the extreme values, thereby producing a result that is visually appealing and cartographically comprehensive.

Answer 26

Geometric Interval

Question 27

Uses a proportion of the standard deviation—
usually at intervals of 1, ½, ⅓, or ¼ standard
deviations using mean values and the standard
deviations from the mean

Answer 27

Standard deviation

Question 28

Advantage
Mapping values with relatively high variability

Answer 28

Natural Breaks

Question 29

Easy to interpret, Appropriate for mapping
continuous data

Answer 29

Equal Interval

Question 30

Disadvantage

There may be classes without features, or too
many features in one class

Answer 30

Equal Interval

Question 31

Disadvantage
Map conceals actual value Skewed curves (because of data outliers) can result in many features falling in one class, or a feature being a
lass on its own

Answer 31

Standard Deviation

Question 32

Used in mapping discrete areas, data summarized by area, or continuous phenomena
▪ The value in the enumeration unit is homogenous or uniformly spread in the said unit

Answer 32

Graduated Colors