DAT chapter 2 acids and bases

Question 1

What does lewis acid do

Answer 1

accept electrons

Question 2

what does lew base do

Answer 2

donates electrons

Question 3

The strong the acid The _____ its conjugate base

Answer 3

weaker

Question 4

The stronger the conjugate base the _____ its acid conjugate

Answer 4

weaker

Question 5

Increased _____ = Decreased _____ = _____ acid strength

Answer 5

KA
pka
increased

Question 6

Increased _____ = Decreased _____ = _____ base strength

Answer 6

KB
pkb
increased

Question 7

what formula is used to rank acids and base

Answer 7

CARDIO

Charge
atom
resonance
dipole
orbitals

Question 8

If all factors are the same what can you use to determine acidity or basicity

Answer 8

The charge!
HO- H20 H30+
H30 would be the most acidic!! this only works with if they are all the same atoms

Question 9

How to draw the conjugate base of any acid?

Answer 9

just remove one proton from the acid and decrease its charge by +1

Question 10

How to draw the conjugate acid of any base

Answer 10

just add one proton to the base and increase its charge by +1

Question 11

Cardio (atom)

if all other factors are the same, then hydrogens acidity increase as the atom that its bonded to goes

Answer 11

increasing electronegativity
and
increasing size (goes down the column)

Question 12

Cardio (resonance)
the more stable the ______ the stronger the acid
the more stable the _____ the stronger the base

Answer 12

conjugate base
conjugate acid

(make the conjugate base and conjugate acid and determine if it can do lots of resonance! The more resonance the better. offers better stability! more acidic

Question 13

Cardio (dipole induction)
Electron withdrawing groups increase _____
electron donating groups ______ acidity

Answer 13

acidity

decrease

Question 14

Electron withdrawing are usually what

Answer 14

electronegative atoms

F cl br I N

Question 15

Electron donating groups are usually what

Answer 15

H or C groups

Question 16

Donating groups increase _____

Answer 16

Basicity

Question 17

withdrawing groups decrease _____

Answer 17

basicity

Question 18

Cardio (orbitals)

S orbitals tend to be more _____ so the more _ character an atom has, The _____ the acid

Answer 18

electronegative 
s
stronger
H-sp3 the least acidic 
H-sp The most acidic

Question 19

Steps for determining acids and base

Answer 19

1) convert the acid to its conjugate base

and do CARDIO

Question 20

Rules for choosing the strongest acid (hydrogen)

2 rules

Answer 20

(increasing electronegativity)

(increasing size) goes down column

Question 21

rules for choosing the basic

Answer 21

minus on atom with least electronegativty.