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DAT > DAT BIOLOGY CELLS AND ORGANELLES > Flashcards

DAT BIOLOGY CELLS AND ORGANELLES Flashcards

1
Q

what is the job of the Nucleus ?

A

Holds Cell DNA ; coordinated cells activites such as protein synthesis and reproduction

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1
Q

What are organelles ?

A

they are specialized structures found in a living cell

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2
Q

do prokaryotes have nucleus and if not where is there dna then ?

A

no ; there dna is in a region called nucleoid

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3
Q

where is the site of ribosomal synthesis ( rRNA)

A

nucleolus

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4
Q

Fluid filled area that is involved in the cells metabolic activities ?

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Mitochondria Job ?

A

Double layered , Makes ATP site of fatty acid catabolism . Has Own Circular DNA and Ribosomes ( maternal )

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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

made up of rRNA ; help make proteins

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7
Q

Rough E.R ?

A

has ribosomes attached to the structure , functions to synthesise and store proteins

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8
Q

Smooth E.R

A

functions to synthesis lipids and steroid hormones for EXPORT

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9
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies and packages protiens ( glycosylate protein)

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10
Q

Lysosomes

A

created in the golgi ; functions in apoptosis and break down nutrients , bacteria , and cell debris ( CLEANER)

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11
Q

common in the liver and kidney that function to breakdown substances

A

Peroxisomes

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12
Q

What helps the cell maintain cell shape and movement

A

CYTOSKELETON

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13
Q

what is the cytoskeleton made up of ? size large to small

A

Microtubules > Intermediate Fillaments > Microfillaments

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14
Q

this is composed of tubulin and helps support cells and motility through cillia , flagella , and centrioles ?

A

Microtubules

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15
Q

this simply helps maintain cell shape

A

Intermediate Microfilaments

16
Q

Composed of Actin and used for cell Motility

A

Microfilaments

17
Q

Vesicles in cell that help us move materials and are MEMBRANE bounded

A

VACUOLES

18
Q

Functions to provide mechanical Support and helps bind adjacent cells ( most abundant = collagen )

A

ECM ( EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

19
Q

What makes Plant cells unique ?

A

they have a cell wall
plastids ( chloroplast)

20
Q

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes ?

A

Prokaryotes
- lack nucleus
- single circular DNA
- Ribosomal unit = 50s+30s
- cell walls contain peptidoglycan
- archae = polysaccharides
- flagella are made of flagellin not microtubules

euk = we have nucleus ; 60s+40s
no cell wall

21
Q

Phospholipid Membrane allows what in ; without aid of membrane proteins
do it in order of most permeable to least ?

A

small non-polar > small uncharged polar >
IF POLAR /LARGE/CHARGE = NEEDS A transporter ( protein aid hehehehe)

22
Q

Cholesterol

A

helps with membrane fluidity

23
Q

allows water in kidneys; known as a channel protein

A

aquaporins

24
Q

what passage do molecules that are polar ( hydrophilic) and charged go through :) ?

A

channel proteins

25
Q

example of channel proteins ?

A

ion channles , porins , aquaporins

26
Q

this passway changes shape after binding to a specific molecule that enables it to be passed across

A

CARRIER PROTEINS

27
Q

Proteins that can use ATP to transport material across the membrane ( ACTIVE TRANSPORT ) ( FACILLITATED DIFFUSION)

A

TRANSPORT PROTEINS ( HEMOGLOBIN)

28
Q

moves from high to low concentration of solute ( stuff)
DOWN GRADIENT

A

Passive Transport
- simple diffusion
- osmosis ( water)
-dialysis
-plasmolysis
-countercurrent exchange

29
Q

uses atp to get it against gradient

A

active transport
( primary ( uses atp directly )
secondary ( uses gradient of other rxn to feed this rxn)

30
Q

What is endocytosis ?

A

when cellular substances are brought into the cells

31
Q

What are the methods that promote endocytosis ?

A

Phagocytosis : circle around un-dissolved material ( solids)
Pinocytosis : plama membrane invaginated around a dissolved material ( cellular drinking)
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis : form of pinocytosis ; ligand binds to receptors

32
Q

Hypertonic

A

Cell swells

33
Q

Isotonic

A

balanced

34
Q

Hypotonic

A

shrinkage = plasmolysis

35
Q

What are the three type of junctions ?

A
  1. Anchoring Junction
  2. Tight Junction
  3. Gap Junctions
36
Q

Anchoring Junction

A

includes desmosomes , connects 2 cells together

37
Q

Tight Junction

A

encircle the cell , producing a seal that prevents passage of materials between cells ( DI TRACT)

38
Q

Gap Junction

A

Narrow tunnels ( Connexons) between animal cells , allows passage of ions and small molecules

DAT (2 decks)

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