Dasgupta - Pulmonary Circulation

Question 1

Bronchial circulation is part of _________ circulation

Answer 1

Systemic

Question 2

About _ of the bronchial capillary venous blood from this circulation drains into the pulmonary veins, adding desaturated, venous blood to the arterial blood.

This counts as a shunt

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

Pulmonary vessels offer ______ resistance to blood flow than do the systemic arterial vessels

Answer 3

Much less

Question 4

What factors lead to the much lower intravascular pressure of the pulmonary vessels compared to that of the systemic vessels ?

Answer 4

Lower resistance

More distensible

More compressible

Question 5

Lung anastamoses

Answer 5

Connections between bronchial and pulmonary capillary

Question 6

Systolic mean pulmonary arterial pressure =

Answer 6

25mmHg

Question 7

Zone 2 is only perfused intermittently at ________

Answer 7

Systolic pressure

Question 8

Zone 1 is defines as the region of the lung that is _________

Answer 8

Not perfused

Because PA > Pa > PV

Question 9

Zone 3 is the region of the lung which is ______

Answer 9

Always perfused

Pa > PV > PA

Question 10

In hemorrhage or general anesthesia, you have high amounts of zone _____ because of low pulmonary systolic pressure

Answer 10

1

Question 11

In exercise, high cardiac output, you have increases in zones ____ and ____

Answer 11

2 and 3

Zone 1 recruited to zone 2, zone 2 recruited to zone 3

Question 12

Patients on positive pressure ventilators will have high amounts of zone

Answer 12

1

Question 13

Cor pulmonale

Answer 13

Right heart failure

Question 14

Passive influences on pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 14

Recruitment of un-perfused capillaries

Distention of existing pulmonary capillaries

Question 15

At high lung volumes, the resistance to blood flow offered by the alveolar vessels ________

Answer 15

Increases greatly

Question 16

At low lung volumes, the resistance to blood flow offered by the alveolar vessels ____

Answer 16

Decrease

Question 17

As lung volume increases, the resistance to blood flow offered by extraalveolar vessels _______

Answer 17

Decreases

Due to their exposure to intrapleural pressure

Question 18

Radiopaque substance is injected into pulmonary artery and its movement is monitored by x-rays

Answer 18

Pulmonary angiography

Question 19

Principally related to an increase in capillary pressure

No change in Kf or sigma

This type of edema is common w/ left heart failure due to left ventricular infarction or mitral stenosis

Answer 19

Hydrostatic (cardiogenic) edema

Question 20

Increase in permeability of the capillary walls of the lungs to either fluid or protein, causing edema.

Principle disorder in ARDS

Change in Kf or sigma

Answer 20

Permeability edema

Question 21

S/s: breathlessness, rapid, shallow breathing, dry cough, chest pain

diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary edema

Usually observed after some form of insult to the lung like inhalation of toxins or infections

X ray shows diffuse airspaces and bilateral alveolar infiltrates

Answer 21

ARDS