Darrow Bullshit

Question 1

hypokalemia

Answer 1

produces glucose intolerance

insulin secretion depends on potassium

Question 2

hypokalemia in kidney

Answer 2

produces defective activation of renal adenylyl cyclase and thus - nephrogenic DI

polyuria occurs

Question 3

alkalosis

Answer 3

hypokalemia

Question 4

albuterol

Answer 4

lower serum K concentrations
-by stimulating release of insulin

shifts insulin into cells - lowering serum potassium levels

Question 5

insulin

Answer 5

causes glucose and potassium to enter cell

Question 6

no edema in conns

Answer 6

overactive aldosteron

• retention of sodium
• with volume expansion - have production of ANP - counteracts the aldosterone effect

Question 7

glomerulosa drive

Answer 7

ANG II and K - ANP blocks

Question 8

fasciculata drive

Answer 8

ACTH

Question 9

reticularis drive

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

aldosterone

Answer 10

sodium reabsorption in cortical collecting tubule

for each 2 Na reabsorbed - loss of K and H

hypokalemic alkalosis

Question 11

conns syndrome

Answer 11

primary hyperaldosteronism

can cause HTN

Question 12

genetic defect with glomerulosa

Answer 12

under control of ACTH

Question 13

diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 13

sodium loading

high urine aldosterone and low plasma renin

Question 14

postural stimulation test

Answer 14

for determine if primary hyperaldosteronism is bilateral hyperplasia or adenoma

post supine elevation of aldosterone - shows b/l adrenal hyperplasia

no response - adenoma

Question 15

adenoma vs. b/l adrenal hyperplasia tx

Answer 15

adenoma - surgery

adrenal hyperplasia - medical - spironolactone

Question 16

licorice

Answer 16

inhibits HSD2 - allowing cortisol to drive mineralocorticoid receptor

resultant HTN
-with low aldosterone and renin

Question 17

pseudohyperaldosteronism

Answer 17

low renin and low aldosterone

liddles, CAH, licorice, cushings, exogenous steroids

Question 18

primary vs. secondary aldosteronism

Answer 18

primary - high aldosterone, low renin

secondary - high renin, high aldosterone

Question 19

liddles

Answer 19

GOF mutation of sodium channel
-hyperactive

low renin and low aldosterone

Question 20

gitelmans

Answer 20

thiazide diuretic effect

don’t reabsorb sodium - goes to collecting duct - turns on sodium reabsorption pathway

Question 21

bartters syndrome

Answer 21

from loop diuretic

Question 22

hirsutism due to

Answer 22

decreased sex hormone binding globulin

and excessive 5 alpha reductase activity

Question 23

decreased sex hormone binding globulin with

Answer 23

decreased estrogen
insulin
GH
obesity
hypothyroid
glucocorticoids

Question 24

LH/FSH ration >2 and decreased E/T

Answer 24

polycystic ovarian syndrome

leads to hirsutism

Question 25

lab test for hirsutism

Answer 25

testosterone
DHEAS
17-hydroxy

Question 26

ovarian neoplasm

Answer 26

testosterone increase

Question 27

adrenal neoplasm

Answer 27

DHEAS increase

Question 28

CAH

Answer 28

17-hydroxy increased

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 29

virilization with low BP

Answer 29

21 hydroxy

Question 30

virliation with high BP

Answer 30

11 hydroxy

Question 31

NE, E and hyperglycemia

Answer 31

alpha 2 - decreased insulin

beta 2 - increased liver gluconeogenesis

Question 32

NE tumor

Answer 32

paraganglion chain

Question 33

E tumor

Answer 33

adrenal tumor

Question 34

incidentalomas

Answer 34

60% associated with some degree of CAH