DAO 2022-04 Enhancing Biodiversity Conservation and Protection

Question 1

the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

Answer 1

Biodiversity

Question 2

involves the utilization of resources
leaning towards sustainability and further enhancement of resources in which the community will have an increased appreciation of biodiversity through its ecosystem services.

Answer 2

Biodiversity-friendly enterprise (BDFE)

Question 3

conducted to delineate with a high level of confidence the volume, tonnage and grade of the mineral deposit. The main activities consist
of detailed geologic mapping and geochemical sampling at closer spaced and adequate observation points, and additional extensive/intensive drilling in the
highly mineralized areas. The desired target is Measured Mineral Resource.

Answer 3

Detailed Exploration

Question 4

the work undertaken to explore and prepare an ore body or a mineral deposit for mining, including the construction of necessary infrastructure
and related facilities.

Answer 4

Development

Question 5

the process of managing or assisting the recovery of an
ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed as a means of sustaining ecosystem resilience, and conserving biodiversity, (CBD)

Answer 5

Ecological Restoration

Question 6

refers to the multitude of material and nonmaterial provisions and benefits of healthy ecosystems necessary for human sustenance, well-being, and survival, including support processes, provisioning
and environment regulating services, and cultural resource preservation services.

Answer 6

Ecosystem goods and services

Question 7

refers to species or subspecies of flora and fauna which are naturally occurring and found only within the country or specific areas in the country.

Answer 7

Endemic Species

Question 8

the process of predicting the likely environmental consequences of implementing projects or undertakings and designing appropriate preventive, mitigating, and enhancement measures.

Answer 8

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Question 9

the comprehensive and strategic environmental management plan for the life of the mining project on which Annual Environmental Protection and Enhancement Programs (AEPEPs) are based and implemented to achieve the environmental management objectives, criteria and commitments including protection and rehabilitation of the disturbed environment;

Answer 9

Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (EPEP)

Question 10

the comprehensive and strategic
environmental management plan to achieve the environmental management objectives, criteria and commitments including protection and rehabilitation of the
disturbed environment during the exploration period.

Answer 10

Environmental Work Program (EWP)

Question 11

species or subspecies which do not naturally occur in the country.

Answer 11

Exotic Species

Question 12

searching or prospecting for mineral resources by geological,
geochemical and/or geophysical surveys, remote sensing, test pitting, trenching, drilling, shaft sinking, tunneling or any other means for the purpose of determining their existence, extent, quality and quantity and the feasibility of mining them for profit.

Answer 12

Exploration

Question 13

a plan for returning the mine sites and affected areas to viable and, whenever practicable, self-sustaining ecosystems that are compatible with a healthy\ environment and with human activities.

Answer 13

Final Mine Rehabilitation and/or Decommissioning Plan (FMRDP)

Question 14

species of wild flora and fauna which can be used as emblems of conservation for a certain community/facility/region owing to its outstanding characteristics, occurrence, importance to the system, capacity to attract attention and contribution to the most important conservation areas.

Answer 14

Flagship Species

Question 15

also known as ultramafic forest, which is found on rocks with very low ,silica content, high concentrations of heavy metals
(magnesium, iron, chromium, cobalt and nickel), low concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and calcium; and is composed of usually greater than 90 percent mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Associated vegetation is generally sclerophyllous - vegetation with hard leaves that have short distances between them along the stem - that is sharply demarcated from adjoining vegetation.

Answer 15

Forest over ultramafic rock

Question 16

species or subspecies of wildlife naturally occurring or has naturally established population in the country but can also be found naturally in other areas.

Answer 16

Indigenous species

Question 17

an exotic or non-native species that is able to establish viable populations, spread and colonize natural or built ecosystems and cause negative impacts to biological diversity, human health, economy, and the environment.

Answer 17

Invasive alien species

Question 18

previously mined area that is no longer feasible for mineral/ore extraction based on existing economical, geological, technological and legal parameters.

Answer 18

Mine-out area

Question 19

the milling, beneficiation, leaching, smelting, cyanidation, calcination or upgrading of ores, minerals, rocks, mill tailings, mine waste and/or other metallurgical by-products or by similar means to convert the same into marketable products.

Answer 19

Mineral Processing

Question 19

an agreement wherein the Government grants to the Contractor the exclusive right to conduct mining operations within, but not title over, a contract area and shares in the production whether in kind or in value as owner of the minerals therein.

Answer 19

Mineral Processing Sharing Agreement

Question 20

a portion of the contract area identified by the Contractor as defined and delineated in a Survey Plan duly approved by the MGB Director/Regional Director concerned for purposes of development and/or utilization, and sites for support facilities.

Answer 20

Mining Area

Question 21

mining activities involving exploration, feasibility study,
development and utilization.

Answer 21

Mining Operations

Question 22

a right to explore, develop, or utilize mineral resources.

Answer 22

Mining Rights

Question 23

any tenurial instrument providing mining rights, such as Exploration Permit, Mineral Production Sharing Agreement, Financial or Technical Assistance Agreement, Mineral Processing Permit, Mining Patents and Special Mines Permit.

Answer 23

Mining Tenement

Question 24

the water, sea bottom and subsurface hm the shore or coastline reckoned from the mean low tide level up to the two hundred (200) nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone.

Answer 24

Off-shore

Question 25

landward side from the mean low tide level including submerged lands in lakes, rivers, and creeks.

Answer 25

On-shore

Question 26

land belonging to any private person or entity which includes alienable and disposable land being claimed by a holder, claimant or occupant who has already acquired a vested right thereto under the law, including those whose corresponding certificate or evidence of title or patent has not been actually issued.

Answer 26

Private land

Question 27

a cost-effective engineering and biological measures of rehabilitating mined-out areas, during utilization stage, in accordance to the approved post-mining land use.

Answer 27

Progressive rehabilitation

Question 28

representation of the original state of the ecosystem during pre-mining status or existing and undisturbed ecosystems in the mining area that serve as guiding image for ecosystem restoration or rehabilitation.

Answer 28

Reference ecosystem

Question 29

the process of repairing the negative impacts of mining on the environment close to its original ecosystem. The long-term objective of rehabilitation is to restore mined-out areas to pre-mining status using as basis the condition of the reference ecosystem. This type of restoration strictly applies in mined-out areas whose final land use is protection and conservation, regardless of land classification category.

Answer 29

Rehabilitation for ecological restoration

Question 30

the process of developing a mined out area for purposes other than ecological restoration in consideration of the land classification category of the area, projected land use, and the existing, in-process and future development and management plans under a shared governance responsibility by the local government unit and DENR.

Answer 30

Rehabilitation for the purposes

Question 31

contributes significantly to economic growth while at the same time ensuring that the impacts to the environment are remediated toward sustained productivity of the land after mining and the host communities are developed into self-reliant communities beyond the life of the mine.

Answer 31

Responsible mining

Question 32

is the geological mapping and geochemical sampling at closely spaced observations and sampling points, soil .grid sampling and closely-spaced drilling in the delineated mineralized areas to determine the depth and extent of mineralization. Other specialized exploration techniques are also applied such as geophysics. The objective is to be able to estimate the volume, tonnage and grade with reasonable level of confidence. The desired target is Indicated Mineral Resource.

Answer 32

Semi-Detailed Exploration

Question 33

the comprehensive five-year plan of the Contractor/Permit Holder/Lessee authorized to conduct actual mining and milling operations towards the sustained improvement in the living standards of the host and neighboring communities by creating responsible, self-reliant and resource-based communities capable of developing, implementing and managing community development programs, projects, and activities in a manner consistent with the principle of people empowerment.

Answer 33

Social Development and Management Program (SDMP)

Question 34

mining activities that heavily rely on manual labor using simple implements and methods and do not use explosives or heavy mining equipment.

Answer 34

Small-scale Mining

Question 35

the mineral horizon between topsoil and the underlying parent material and usually lighter in color with an average depth of 0.15 to 1.20 meters.

Answer 35

Subsoil

Question 36

the layer of the soil characterized by the presence of soil organic matter and usually darker in color than subsoil with an average depth of 0 to 0.15 meters.

Answer 36

Topsoil

Question 37

the extraction, mineral processing and/or disposition of minerals

Answer 37

Utilization

Question 38

wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all developmental stages, including those that are in captivity or are being bred or propagated.

Answer 38

Wildlife

Question 39

All ecosystems, living organisms, including humans, are dependent on each other, which is clearly shown through the food web, and in ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, and natural control of pests. However, as natural landscapes are transformed for development, species survival is compromised and remnant habitats become isolated from established patterns of ecological processes and genetic exchange. Inevitably, the mix of ecosystem services is reduced and the overall resilience of the landscape is weakened. Conserving remnant biodiversity, building connectivity and restoring ecosystems affected by developmental activities including mining are wise strategies for sustaining ecosystem services and resilience.

Answer 39

Connectivity

Question 40

Where there is a lack of scientific certainty on the impacts of particular mining activities in all stages of the mining operation to natural and social capital assets, cost-effective and preventive measures should still be undertaken to avoid and/or minimize threats and to protect the environment and the people who
value it.

Answer 40

Precautionary principle

Question 41

Use of natural resources should not lead to the decline of biological diversity to attain balance between economic development and ecological integrity.

Answer 41

Sustainable use of natural resources

Question 42

Public participation in the protection, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity around or adjacent to mining/exploration/mineral processing areas should be encouraged and promoted to maximize conservation and community benefits.

Answer 42

Participatory governance/participation of stakeholders