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Biology 113 > Dans Lectures > Flashcards

Dans Lectures Flashcards

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1
Q

What animals produces the most o2 through photosynthesis?

A

Cytoplankton

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2
Q

How many semi interdependent reactions are there involved in photosynthesis?

A

80+

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3
Q

What wavelengths have more energy associated with them?

A

Short Wavelengths

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4
Q

What is the role of photoreceptive pigments

A

Capture radiant energy from the sun

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5
Q

What is the primary photoreceptive pigment?

A

Chlorophyll a

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6
Q

What color are carotenoids?

A

Orange

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7
Q

What color are phycobilins?

A

Blue-violet - Red

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8
Q

What color are anthophyks?

A

Yellow - Brown

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9
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

Where is chlorophyll produced?

A

Chloroplasts

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11
Q

What are photosystems?

A

Clusters of light trapping pigments in thylakoid membranes

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12
Q

Where is light energy absorbed?

A

LHC

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13
Q

What is O2 produced from in photosynthesis?

A

H2O

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14
Q

When is CO2 needed in the photosynthesis reaction process?

A

Light Independent reactions to produce glycogen

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15
Q

What is the phlogiston theory?

A

Only living (phlogiston) material can be burned

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16
Q

What did Joseph Priestly find out?

A

That the air is an inert pure substance

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17
Q

Who discovered O2?

A

Antonie Lavoisier

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18
Q

Where does synthesis occur?

A

Stroma

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19
Q

What do chloroplasts require to work?

A

electron acceptors

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20
Q

Where does chlorophyll get its spare electron from?

A

H2O

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21
Q

What two chemicals supply the energy for enzymes to work?

A

ATP and NADPH

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22
Q

What type of system involves a light-dependent reaction?

A

Photosystem

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23
Q

What is the first stage of a photosystem scheme?

A

II (Splits water an releases o2, H+ and ATP), then I (Produces NADPH and H+)

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24
Q

What is photolysis?

A

The diffusion of oxygen into the atmosphere

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25
Q

What is H+ only way out of a plant cell?

A

ATP synthase

26
Q

What are the features of a light dependent reaction?

A

Uses light energy
Add water
Electron receptor
CO2 not necessary

27
Q

What are the features of a light-independent reaction?

A

Uses ATP, NADPH
Uses CO2
Produces Carbohydrates
Light not necessary

28
Q

What is the role of fluorescence?

A

The absorbance of light energy at one wavelength and re-emitting it at a longer wavelength

29
Q

When will a particle be released as fluorescence?

A

When it is too energetic

30
Q

What type of light does chlorophyll a absorb?

A

Blue light

31
Q

When does chlorophyll absorb a photon?

A

Photochemistry
Fluorescence
Heat

32
Q

What is the photosynthetic yield?

A

It shows how stressed the leaf

33
Q

What is the most widely used fluorescent parameter?

A

FV/FM

34
Q

When is there less fluorescence in a leaf?

A

When the leaf is exposed to heat and stress

35
Q

What is the calvin cycle?

A

Light-independent reaction -

Series of enzyme-driven reactions to produce a sugar

36
Q

What percentage of chloroplast protein does rubisco constitute?

A

50%

37
Q

Where does rubisco originate?

A

The stroma of a chloroplast

38
Q

Where does starch and sucrose synthesis take place?

A

Starch: Chloroplast
Sucrose: Cytoplasm

39
Q

What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?

A

Carboxylation, reduction, regeneration of RUBP

40
Q

What is photoinhibition?

A

Reduces the rate of photosynthesis as the plant is exposed to high light.
Ie. plants produce 9680, which is a strong oxidant

41
Q

What are xanthophylls and what are their roles?

A

They protect the plant through dissipating light energy as heat. This reduces photosynthesis but protects the plant.

42
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Mesophyll cells

43
Q

What is photorespiration?

A

The plant uses O2 for biosynthesis. No carbon fixed. Loses carbon chain. Reduces oxygen uptake.

44
Q

What is C4 photosynthesis?

A

Separates reaction chambers.
Energetically costly.
Produces Oxyleoate

45
Q

Where are light dependent and independent reactions taking place in a C4 plant?

A

Light Dependent: Mesophyll cells

Light Independent: Bundle sheath

46
Q

How do C4 plants pass oxygen between mesophyll cells and the bundle sheath cells. Describe this process

A

Uses PEP to fix carbon.
Produces CO2.
Carbon cycle continues as usual

47
Q

What are some advantages of C4 plants

A

CO2 greater
Reduces H2O loss
More efficient use of Nitrogen from rubisco

48
Q

What are the disadvantages of C4 plants?

A

Require 6 additional ATP to work

49
Q

What is alarm photosynthesis?

A

Uses carbon oxylate crystals as carbon providers under drought stress

50
Q

What is CAM?

A

Similar to C4. Separates cycles from night and day

51
Q

What happens in the night and day in the CAM cycle?

A

Night: Malic acid produced. Stomata open
Day: Malic acid decarboxylated. CO2 fixed
Leading to the more efficient use of H2O

52
Q

What type of photosynthesis mechanism in plants has a higher photosynthetic rate?

A

C3 plants have the higher photosynthetic rate

53
Q

What type of photosynthesis mechanism in plants has a higher photosynthetic rate?

A

C3 plants have a higher photosynthetic rate

54
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration

55
Q

What happens when molecules reach equilibrium?

A

There’s no net movement of molecules

56
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water molecules. Helps water cross a partially permeable membrane

57
Q

What is water potential?

A

Potential for water molecules to move

58
Q

What is the highest potential of water?

A

0

59
Q

How does water move?

A

It moves along gradients of water potential

60
Q

In what direction does water move in terms of water potential?

A

It moves towards the more negative water potential

61
Q

When soil has high salinity what water potential does it have?

A

a very negative one

62
Q

What is the water table?

A

Pure water just under the soil

Biology 113 (2 decks)

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