DanB Radiation and Safety Test Prep Flashcards
What was the problem with nitrocellulose films that prompted the development of polyester films? The nitrocellulose films used to
Catch Fire
What kind of imaging does not use ionizing radiation?
MRI
Write the names of three types of intraoral radiographs
PA, Bitewing, Occlusal
What kind of imaging is a standardized radiograph for measurements?
Cephalometric
The purpose of cross-sectional occlusal radiography is identifying
the buccal or lingual location of an object
What kind of images provide the maximum detail?
Intraoral
The A number (Atomic mass number) of an atom means the total number of
Protons and Neutrons
The Word Ionization means
The creation of an Ion Pair
Binding Energy Means
Binding energy is the force that keeps the electrons in orbit
According to Bohr’s model, what is the maximum number of shells or orbits in an atom
7
The Z number (Atomic number) of an atom means the total number of
Protons
What kind of electromagnetic radiation has stronger energy?
Short Wavelength
Which electron has higher binding energy
Inner Shell Electron
What is the charge of a neutron
No Charge
Of the following radiation, which one has the shortest wavelength?
X-rays
Which is the most common interaction of photons with matter
Compton Scattering
How long does radiation stay in the room after radiographic exposure?
Radiation does not stay after exposure
During ionization, what is lost from an atom?
Electron
In Compton’s scattering, which electron is ejected?
Outer Shell Electron
During the interaction of x-rays, an atom underwent excitation. What happened to the atom?
No Loss of Electron
In your clinic, the x-ray machine makes a beeping sound during exposure. How loud is the x-ray?
xray has no sound
Which interaction requires more energy
Photoelectric absorption
What is the role of a step-up transformer?
To multiply the incoming voltage
What is the unit of Current
Ampere
What kind of terminal is a cathode?
Negative
What is the unit of Voltage?
Volt
What is the Unit of Resistance?
Ohm
What kind of energy are you using on your cell phone on your hike in the mountains?
Direct Current
An AC generator makes a 60-cycle current. What does this statement mean?
Its flow has 60 peaks or troughs per second
What is the primary type of radiation produced in a dental x-ray machine?
Bremsstrahlung
The role of a low voltage circuit in an x-ray tube is to
Increase the temperature of the cathode components
A 60-cycle x-ray machine means
The x-ray production turns on and off 60 times a second
What is the main risk of high temperature in an x-ray machine?
The filament may disintegrate
In bremsstrahlung radiation, the interaction is
Electron from the cathode interacts with the nucleus of the anode
Remember that only after the interaction of electrons with the anode, radiation will be produced. Inside the x-ray machine, the electrons interact with the atoms to generate radiation. In the patient’s body, the radiation will interact with the atoms in patient’s cells)
A step-up transformer is added in an x-ray machine to
modify the penetrability of the x-ray beam
The duty cycle is for minor exposures, for fractions of seconds. For panoramic radiography, we have a longer single exposure. Therefore, the concept of duty cycle is not relevant for panoramic radiography. Although tube rating is mostly for research or investigative purposes, for a long panoramic exposure, tube rating is more important than duty cycle.
In characteristic radiation, the interaction is
Electron interacts with an inner shell electron
What is the primary factor in an x-ray machine that controls the quantity of x-rays before the beam exits the tube head
Milliampere
Why does a radiographic image become darker if you increase the mA?
More x-ray beam reaches the sensor
mA controls
the quantity of radiation. More radiation reaching the sensor makes the image darker. Please see page 6 of the handout.
After an x-ray exits an x-ray tube, what factor affects the quantity of x-ray?
Filtration
What kind of radiation should be the primary concern for the well-being of a dental assistant?
Scatter
The purpose of filtration is to
Reduce the radiation dose
Your radiographs are coming out lighter than the desired diagnostic quality. The settings for kVp and mA are fixed and cannot be changed. What can you do to improve the density of the radiographs?
Increase the exposure time
The main purpose of selecting a greater collimation is
Reduce the exposure to the body parts
If you increase kVp, what happens to the x-ray beam?
The beam can cross thicker tissues
How can a Dental Assistant benefit from following the principle of inverse square law?
Unnecessary exposure to the operator can be reduced
Your x-ray machine has fixed kV and mA. The only modification allowed is the number of pulses of x-rays. Please indicate how you will adjust the settings for the following types of patients? After radiographing a 10-year-old child, your next patient is a Viking Quarterback
Increase the pulse
Your x-ray machine has fixed kV and mA. The only modification allowed is the number of pulses of x-rays. Please indicate how you will adjust the settings for the following types of patients?After radiographing a 30-year-old man, your next patient is an 83-year-old grandmother
Decrease the Pulse
Your machine allows adjustment of mA and time. For an ideal exposure, you need 10 mAs. In the spaces below, write what adjustment you will consider for the following patients: A restless child: You have set the exposure time to 1 second. What will be the correct mA for an ideal exposure?
10 ma
The slanting of the anode is to
assist in the line focus principle
Why is tungsten used as a filament material?
Tungsten can tolerate high heat without melting
What is the purpose of oil surrounding the glass tube?
Provide a temperature control to the tube
The cathode component has which of the following features?
Negatively charged with a tungsten filament
The role of focusing cup in an x-ray tube is to
direct the electrons to the focal spot
Which of the following choice(s) has lower thermal conductivity
tungsten
What is one of the benefits of panoramic radiography over FMX?
lower radiation
In panoramic radiography, why do machine components move?
to select a specific tissue layer
In panoramic radiography, what is a focal trough?
areas that have objects of interest
In panoramic radiography, collimation is done to
identify the focal trough
generate a narrow beam
DICOM is a term that applies to
digital radiographs and also all clinical imaging
How does the beam shape of the CBCT differ from a panoramic x-ray beam?
(Panoramic radiography uses a narrow x-ray beam. CBCT uses a cone-shaped beam. The answer is on page 2 of the handout.)
What is the full form of MPR?
Multiplanar Reconstruction
What is the difference between pixel and voxel?
(A pixel is a 2D image data while a voxel is a 3D image data.
What does Field of View mean as related to CBCT scans?
The field of view describes the amount of tissues included in a CBCT or a CT scan.
What are the different types of 3D rendering for CBCT images?
Solid surface rendering and semi transparent rendering.
How can you identify if a CBCT scan has motion artifacts?
Primarily, by identifying double outlines of the borders of the bone. Sometimes motion artifacts will also create streaking.
In the space below, please write how the second generation of CT differs from the first generation.
The first generation CT had only one detector. On the 2nd generation CT, multiple detectors were introduced.
What element is most important for creating MRI?
Hydrogen
. In the space below, write the name of a radiographic examination for salivary glands.
A common technique for salivary gland imaging is sialography
What does a Hounsfield Unit represent?
Densities of tissues on CT voxels
two benefits of CBCT over CT.
CBCT has several advantages over CT. The primary advantages are lower radiation dose and cost of the machine/imaging. Other benefits of CBCT are dedicated dental software and lower metal artifacts.
What is the meaning of Windowing for CT?
Selecting a range of densities of tissues on a CT image
What is the distance between the x-ray source and receptor for a cephalometric machine?
60 inches
A radiofrequency pulse is employed to change
the orientation of protons in a tissue
What is the unit for measuring the strength of a magnet?
Tesla
In processing PSP plates, what information is collected by the computer? The amount of
Visible light
For faster image processing, which is the best technology?
CMOS
For analog films, what is the main component of the coating
Silver Bromide
For CCD sensors, what is the principle of data collection?
Electrons move from one pixel to another
What imaging technology employs the bucket brigade concept?
CCD
why you should process PSP plates as quickly as possible.
Room temperature can release trapped electrons in a PSP plate, degrading the data. Therefore, PSP plates should be processed as quickly as possible.
Which factor is more important for identifying a hairline fracture of a root?
Spatial resolution
Which factor is more important for identifying dental caries?
Contrast resolution
What is the purpose of a dot on an intraoral film?
Identifying radiographs from the right or the left side
What is the purpose of a lead foil in an introral film packet?
Reducing scatter radiation
What is the error that caused a dark spot on a processed radiograph?
Contamination of the film with the developer before fixing
A processed radiograph shows tire track marking. What does this mean?
The film packet was reversed during exposure
What is the error that caused a white spot on a processed radiograph?
Contamination of the film with the fixer before developing
In the space below, write what does ‘definition’ mean for a radiographic image
n radiology, definition means the sharpness of a structure as recorded on the image. A well-defined structure has a sharp border. A poorly defined structure has fuzzy border.
write what does ‘distortion’ mean for a radiographic image.
n radiography, distortion means unequal magnification of a structure. Some areas of the tooth is magnified in some area is less magnified. A distorted image does not represent the true shape of the anatomy.
Which of the following radiographs employ the maximum positive vertical angle (+VA)?
Maxillary incisor
Which of the following radiographs employ the maximum horizontal angle?
Molar
One geometric factor that will increase the size of the penumbra of the radiographic image is a:
decreased source to film distance (film-object distance is constant)
On a periapical radiograph, which object is magnified more?
Buccal
On a panoramic radiograph, which object is magnified more?
Lingual
List at least four different ways that you may localize an object in a patient’s mouth using radiography.
The four different ways of localizing an object are, 1) image shift principle, 2) right angle technique, 3) cross-sectional occlusal radiography, and 4) CT or MRI. In addition, we may also employ panoramic radiography to help localize a structure depending on the size of the object.
On an ideal maxillary molar radiograph, which cusps will be closer to the lower part of the image?
Buccal
A structure appears highly radiopaque on a periapical radiograph. This structure is/has
absorbed more radiation
Your patient is a 260 lb football player. What should you do to get a good quality image?
Increase the pulse
A structure appears highly radiolucent on a periapical radiograph. This structure is/has
low chemical density
A radiograph appears ‘washed out’ or light. Your machine does not allow any modification of kVp or mA. What can you do to make the subsequent radiographs darker?
Increasing the time of exposure will improve the density of the radiograph.
Which of the following materials will appear most white or light on a radiograph?
gold crown
What factor of a gutta percha root canal filling makes it whiter than a composite filling on a radiograph
chemical composition
In your x-ray unit, an ideal periapical radiograph of the molars requires ten pulses. By mistake, you increased it to 20 pulses. How would your image look like??
too dark
Your patient has many carious teeth and some faulty restorations. What kind of image contrast will you prefer?
moderate
High contrast or low contrast are not always diagnostic. Therefore, extreme contrast should be avoided.
Your doctor suspects a large cyst in the patient’s mandible. A cyst is a diseased cavity in the bone. What adjustment can you make to your machine to provide an excellent diagnostic radiograph for your doctor? Your machine allows modification of kVp, mA, and pulse.
A bone with his cyst means less tissues. Therefore, lowering the kV, mA or the time of exposure provide us with a diagnostic radiograph.
Your patient has caries, periodontal bone loss, root fracture, and a periapical lesion. How would you process the image?
Increase the brightness
Your patient has many unerupted and several extra (supernumerary) teeth. What would be a quick manipulation of the CBCT scan to show your doctors all the teeth?
A panoramic reconstruction with MIP protocol
Your doctor placed several metal crowns. On a follow-up radiograph, she noticed defective margins of all the restorations. What may have happened?
Over sharpening of the image
A bitewing radiograph was taken to identify proximal caries. However, the caries may be small. What can you do to improve the diagnosis?
Increase the contrast
A patient may have a root fracture. What can you do to the periapical radiograph to improve the diagnosis?
Increased the sharpness
. Please write the proper vertical angle of the following radiographic techniques: Maxillary Molar; Maxillary Incisor; Mandibular molar; Mandibular incisor
a. Maxillary molar: + 30 degrees
b. Maxillary incisor: + 30 degrees
c. Mandibular molar: + 5 degrees
d. Mandibular incisor: minus 15 degrees
Which radiograph should fully record the first maxillary molar
Premolar radiograph
Where should the central ray be pointed for a molar bitewing?
For molar bitewing, the central ray entry should be in the inter-proximal contact between first and 2nd maxillary molars.
List a few reasons that you should not use bisecting angle technique.
There are several reasons for not using bisecting angle technique. The primary reason is creating an imaginary geometry during the technique. In addition, in bisecting angle thinking, the images are often distorted, either elongated or foreshortened.
How can you best establish the patient in the proper focal trough? Select the best choice:
Instruct the patent to bite on the bite block
. List a few common patient preparation steps for panoramic and cephalometric radiography.
Remove all jewelry, eyeglasses or any other metal object.
2) Ask the patient remained motionless.
3) Ask the patient to swallow and hold.
For cephalometric radiography, which plane should be parallel to the floor?
Frankfort
When chromosomes mis-repair after radiation damage, the cells may undergo
proliferation
Any damage to the chromosome is lethal to the cells.
False
Which toxin causes radiation damage to the cells?
Hydrogen peroxide
The major way that radiation damages cellular structures is by modifying
water molecules
During radiation therapy, what is the preferred mode regarding normal cells?
Damage to one strand of DNA
During radiation therapy, what is the desired action regarding cancer cells?
Damage to both strands of DNA
For an error-free repair of a damaged chromosome, what is essential?
intact second strand
After radiation damage, what causes malignancy?
cellular proliferation
What is the most critical part of a cell related to radiation damage?
DNA
Radiation-induced cancer of the jaws is clinically different than smoking-induced cancer.
False
After radiation exposure, cancer caused by the radiation can appear
After Several Years
Which of the following can be an example of the stochastic effect of radiation?
Salivary gland cancer after 12 years
Oral cancer is more likely to be seen in older adults. What types of cells are more sensitive to radiation?
Oral mucosal cells of a 12-year-old
What types of cells are more sensitive to radiation?
Sperm Cells
What kind of effect is most likely to happen from a panoramic radiographic unit?
Stochastic
What does LD50(30 days) mean in radiation biology?
A large dose can kill 50 animals in 30 days
Animals react differently to radiation
The latent period in radiation biology usually means:
the occurrence of cancer after radiation
What kinds of effects are transferred to future generations?
Genetic
Why should we use rectangular collimation for intraoral radiography instead of round collimation?
The effective dose will be lower
In TLD, how the radiation dose is measured? The dosimeter is
heated to release light
Effective dose tells us
how different tissues respond to radiation.
Exposure is a measurement of radiation
irrespective of the presence of a patient
Which tissue will have a higher absorbed dose? (Hint: think about radiographic density)
Bone
What is the highest risk from dental radiography?
Oral Cancer
Why should you be careful in taking a panoramic on a 10-year-old?
The cells in a child are quickly dividing
A patient is complaining of dizziness after getting a panoramic radiograph. What is the probable cause?
Psychological effects
After radiation therapy, what conditions may recover back to normal?
oral mucositis
What is the highest risk from radiation therapy for oral cancer?
Osteoradionecrosis
What is the role of filtration in patient protection?
reduces the number of low energy photons
We discussed a research paper that claimed dental radiology could cause brain tumors. What is the main problem with this research and its conclusion?
FMX radiographs are safer than bitewings
If you are using D-speed films, what would be a good collimation system to increase patient safety?
Rectangular
According to the Minnesota Department of Health laws, the use of a lead apron for panoramic radiography is
Optional
A patient is concerned about the radiation dose from a CBCT scan. As a dental assistant, which of the following would be an appropriate answer to inform the patient?
There is risk. But these images are necessary for your diagnosis and implant planning.
What is your benefit from a lower radiation dose to the patient?
Lower occupational dose
An online vendor is selling x-ray machines. What is the minimum information you will need before you proceed to buy such an x-ray machine?
If the machine is FDA approved.
Your coworker, a dental hygienist, broke his central incisor while working in the dental office. He has an order from the doctor for a periapical radiograph. For radiation safety purposes, how would the dental hygienist be classified for this periapical radiograph?
patient
The top floor of a building is an intraoral radiographic machine. Which of the following walls should meet the standard of secondary protective barrier?
ceiling
The top floor of a building is a panoramic radiographic machine. Which of the following surfaces should meet the standard of secondary protective barrier?
floor
In the space below, please explain which kind of radiation (scattered, leakage, and primary) is most dangerous to the operator.
The leakage radiation is most dangerous to the operator as it is not filtered. Also, the leakage radiation traverse in random directions. Therefore, a safe zone for the operator cannot be determined for leakage radiation.
According to NCRP, Who is a qualified expert for x-ray facility designing?
Health physicist
What is ALARA
As Low as Reasonably Achievable
For the CBCT room, the walls should be lead-lined.
False
What is ‘workload’ for radiation safety
mA x minutes per week
Which of the following is most important for barrier designing?
Presence of a person
What is the Minnesota policy about registering x-ray equipment?
Registration must be done before the operation
In Minnesota, operators cannot share a TLD badge for radiation monitoring.
True
Which of the following is a requirement in Minnesota for dental radiography?
watching the patient during radiography
Which of the following is NOT required documentation in Minnesota for ordering dental radiography?
previous radiographs
Which of the following intraoral machines will not be allowed in Minnesota? Machines working at
45 kip
The Minnesota Department of Health will visit an x-ray facility only if a complaint occurs
False
As soon as you finish the weekend clinical sessions at the University of Minnesota, you are qualified to take radiographs on your patients.
False
NCRP Guidelines require the use of thyroid shielding for panoramic radiography.
False
According to NCRP guidelines, what should be the minimum length of a PID?
20 cm
Your panoramic machine has malfunctioned. According to NCRP, your decision to take a CBCT to get a reconstructed panoramic is a good decision.
False
According to NCRP, if an image has artifacts and is not diagnostic, it should be removed from the patient chart to avoid misdiagnosis and wrong treatment.
True
When removing a protective barrier after the exposure of radiographs, if a dental assistant touches the surface beneath the barrier the dental assistant must:
Disinfect with intermittent
While exposing digital images, radiation deflecting off the patients head is called
Scatter Radiation
The most common reason for taking bitewing radiographs is to evaluate
Interproximal Carries
Prior to exposing dental radiographs on a visually impaired patient, the dental assistant should
use touch to explain the equipment and procedure
When using a 16 in PID compared to an 8 In PID the exposure time must
Increase
What is the purpose of a rectangular collimator?
Reduces radiation to the patient
Which of the following may cause unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient
Radiographic technique errors
To assist the patient in controlling the gag reflex, the dental assistant should
Use a distraction Technique
If there are no teeth to serve as guides, which of the following landmarks indicates a maxillary molar area radiograph?
Tuberosity
The Total destruction of microorganisms and spores on reusable instruments is accomplished by
Sterilizing
Light colored radiographs commonly result from
underexposure
Supernumerary teeth are best detected using what type of image receptor
Panoramic
Which size image receptor, when placed vertically in the anterior region of the mouth is most effective for evaluating caries and periodontal health?
2
Human Tissue are mainly composed of
Water
Which of the following was established to address the education and certification of operators of radiographic equipment?
Consumer patient radiation Health and Safety Act
Which of the following extra oral radiographs is used to evaluate impacted teeth, large lesions and fractures of the mandible?
Lateral Jaw Projection
The annual maximum accumulated dose MAD of radiation for dental assistant is based on which of the following calculations
Age Minus 18 times 5 REMS/Year
Which of the following is a long term effect of radiation
Genetic Defects
Which of the following must be monitored for radiation leakage?
Dental x-ray machines
WHen taking a panoramic radiograph, the patients head should be oriented
with the midsagittal place perpendicular to the floor
What effect can be caused when exposed to radiation
Radiation has the potential to cause harmful biological changes
If a patients gag reflex is stimulated during the radiographic procedure, the dental assistant should
Apply Distraction Techniques to divert his or her attention
The most common radiographic exposure used to evaluate a dental implant on an adult is
Periapical
Which of the following would cause elongation on a radiograph?
Insufficient vertical angulation
After the completion of a radiographic procedure, the PID should be
Disinfected
Compared to a round position indicating divide (PID), which of the following PIDs reduces patient radiation exposure by up to 70%
Rectangular
Which of the following causes elongation
Incorrect Vertical Angulation
When Placing Periapical images in a template, what information helps to distinguish maxillary molar images from mandibular molar images
The Maxillary Sinus outline is visible
Which of the following should be used to prevent cross-contamination from exposure buttons
plastic cover
How often should protective clothing be changed in an oral healthcare setting?
When visibly soiled
Somatic effects of radiation do not have damaging effects on
offspring
Personnel Radiation monitoring devices are worn to
Record the occupational exposure received by the operator.
Processed PSP plates should be handled by the edges to prevent
scratches
Before exposing radiographs on a minor, the dental assistant should
Obtain consent from parent or legal guardian
The position indicating device Shape that most effectively reduces patient exposure to radiation is
rectangular
Patients receive less radiation when using a
Rectangular PID
The population most susceptible to radiation damage is
infants
On a radiograph, when the contact area of one tooth is superimposed over the contact of another, it is called
overlapping
Conebeam computed tomography uses
Three dimensional technology
Paralleling Technique requires the image receptor be placed
away from the tooth, toward the iddle of the oral cavity
A full mouth series of periapical images taken on an edentulous patient will consist of
6 anterior and 8 posterior
Dental healthcare personnel who are pregnant can expose radiographs during the
entire pregnancy
When documenting a lesion found on an image, all of the following should be described except
severity
When the tube head drifts, the first step the dental assistant should take is to
stop using the machine
A cephalometric radiograph is primarily used to evaluate
Lateral jaw development
Added filtration in the xray tube head protects the
patient
What radiography equipment would most likely come into contact with mucous membranes and are considered semicritical
Sensors
How is scattered radiation reduced when taking images
use of rectangular cone
which of the following is the measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges?
Voltage
If a dental assistant dosimeter badge report indicates exposure to radiation, what should be done first?
evaluate the xray equipment and techniques
WHich size image receptor would be used for an adult posterior pa film
2
Using the alarm concept as a guideline for radiographs includes all of the following except
using a circular PID
Which of the following sequence best describes radiation injury to to tissue
Latent Period, period of injury , period of recovery
Which of the following is a measurement of tissue damages from xray energy
radiation absorbed dose
When exposing radiographs what is the minimum distance the operator should stand from the tube head
6 feet
A radiograph will automatically be retaken when there is
double exposure
Which of the following is a disadvantage of panoramic radiographs
higher cost of equipment
Were is the most common area in the oral cavity for a dentigerous cyst?
Around the third molars
The amount of radiation and exposure time needed to produce a diagnostic radiograph is best determined by
exposure time
Why is it important for the patient to stand up straight when taking a panoramic image?
To prevent the spine from being superimposed over the anterior teeth
The primary function of collimation is to
restrict the size of the beam
When preparing a patient for digital exposures, prior to putting on gloves the dental assistant should
place the lead apron
The radiation that is formed by the interaction of xrays with matter is
Secondary Radiation
Long Term effects of exposure to radiation may be associated with
birth abnormalities
After using a lead apron on a patient for digital radiograph exposure, it should be
wiped with intermediate disinfectant
Leakage radiation is defined as any radiation that is
from the primary beam
During the exposure of digital radiography the operator should
Put on gloves to access additional items from a drawn
Which of the following landmarks is useful when mounting images in the maxillary central area
Anterior Nasal Spine
Which of the following pathogens is not found in oral or respiratory secretions
West Nile virus
The most important step the dentist can take in protecting patients from x-radiation is to
properly prescribe radiographs
Which of the following radiolucent landmarks is useful when mounting images in the mandibular anterior area?
Lingual Foramen
Which of the following radiogaph techniques is recommended for a patient with a shallow palate
bisecting
What can be done to stabilize the bite block on a partially edentulous patient?
Use a cotton Roll
The best way to correct a cone cutting error is to adjust
PID/COne position
What are common uses for a CBCT 3D Image?
Determining Bone structure and Tooth orientation
Which organization regulates disinfectants and chemicals sterilants
EPA
The most radiolucent area on an anterior image is the
Nasal Fossa
Compared to a dentulous patient, radiographic exposure time on an edentulous adult patient should
decrease
A panoramic image appears to have a reverse smile when the
Frankfort plane is angled upward
What image receptor semicritical item should be sterilized before reuse?
Positioning Device
Radiation injury can be measured by
Dose Rate
When changing the 8 in PID to a 16 in PID, which of the following is used to determine the intensity of the beam?
Inverse Square Law
Which of the following condition may mimic caries on an intraoral image
Root Resorption
If disposable barriers are not used during a radiographic procedure all clinical surfaces should be
disinfected
The best radiograph to evaluate a suspected salivary stone in the submandibular gland is
Occlusal
The lead apron and thyroid collar used during radiography should be disinfected
after each use
Which of the following describes how most carious lesions appear on an image?
Radiolucent
The use of a thyroid collar is recommended for all of the following exposures except
panoramic
When taking radiographs on small children who cannot hold the sensor intramurally, the dental assistant should
ask a parent or guardian to hold the sensor
WHich of the following describes a double ended PSP holder used for posterior and anterior teeth
eezee grip
The radiation exposure that poses the greatest hazard to the operator is
leakage
For xray machines operating in ranges at or below 70 kvp, the total aluminum equivalent filtration must be a minimum of
1.5mm
Dental healthcare personnel can best shield themselves from radiation during patient exposure by standing behind
a drywall barrier
When exposing a posterior periapical radiograph on a adult patient with no intraoral restrictions, which size image receptor should be used
2
The edentulous radiographic series may include all of the following except
bitewing
Patients should wear a thyroid collar during which type of radiographic exposure
Intraoral
When taking an occlusal radiograph the PSP packet should extend from the patients mouth by approximately
1/8-1/4 in
What infection control steps are performed prior to and during dental imaging procedures
place barriers on tube head, dental chair, work area, and computer, perform handwashing and don gloves, cover sensor with barrier
Which of the following measures the amount of radiation that reaches the surface of the skin
Roentgen
Which of the following items is considered a biohazardous wase in a dental office
bloody guise
which of the following regulates the manufacturing and installation of xray equipment
Federal Government
WHich of the following prevents xrays from escaping the tubehead
lead glass housing
on an anterior image the anterior alveolar crest normally appears
pointed and sharp
When taking digital images, when should the operator put on PPE
before handling any items to be placed in the patients mouth
The most common radiographic exposure used to detect periodontal disease is
periapical
Phosphor plates are processed by using
laser beam technology
Contrast in a digital image primarily controlled by
kVp
to help desensitize the tissue prior to image receptor placement, the dental assistant should
rub a finger along the tissues where the receptor touches
Which image would be best utilized to see the relationship of the alveolar bone
vertical bitewing
What is the term used to describe areas such as an abcess or pulp
radiolucent
which of the following is considered critical and should be sterilized after use
bite tab of holder
which of the following anatomical landmarks is not normally seen on intraoral radiographs
frontal sinus
which of the following cells exposed to radiation may be associated with leukemia
somatic
Cells most suspectable to radiation damage are
bone marrow
To minimize potential infections from semicritical items it is important the operator
clean and disinfect devoces after removal of surface barriers
Which of the following errors occur when the vertical angulation is incorrect
elongation
the occlusal plane will appear diagonal in the radiograph when there is an
incorrect placement of image receptor
Which of the following would you adjust to produce wavelengths with the greatest penetrating power
KvP
The most commonly used radiographic exposure for a 3 year old patient is
bitewing
which of the following lesions appears radiopaque on a image
sclerotic bone
which of the following affects the speed of electrons emitted form the tubehead
kvp
The main purpose of using a lead apron with a thyroid collar when exposing dental radiographs is to protect the patient from
scatter radiation
