Dairy herd health & Milk replacement (Donovan)

Question 1

5 Cs of Dairy calf raising

Answer 1

• Colostrum
• Cleanliness
• Comfort
• Calories
• Consistency

Question 2

DZs when a dirty calving environment

Answer 2

• diarrhea
• naval ill

Question 3

Newborn Calves (birth to 2-4 hours)

primary concerns

Answer 3

• colostrum
• naval health

Question 4

Colostrum management

Answer 4

• Time of admin (ASAP: w/in first 2 hours)
• Mass of Ig (quality X quantity)

Question 5

Holstein calves typically get up and nurse in….

Answer 5

6-8 hours

Question 6

Calves rarely have failure of passive transver (FPT) if they receive…

Answer 6

> 280 g of Ig

Question 7

Good quality colostrum contains

Answer 7

> 50 g/L Ig

Question 8

Excellent quality colostrum contains

Answer 8

> 70 g/L Ig

Question 9

Calves need ____ of good quality colostrum or

_____ of excellent quality colostrum

Answer 9

5-6

4

Question 10

Colostrometer

Answer 10

Glass, costs about 100$

Question 11

Brixs refractometer

Answer 11

Costs about 300$ shouldn’t break

Question 12

Good quality colostrum on Brix refractomoter:

Excellent quality colostrum on Brix refractometer:

Answer 12

Good: > 22%

Excellent: > 25%

Question 13

colostrum admin schedule

Answer 13

• 2-3 L ASAP after birth
• 2-3 L within 4-6 hrs of 1st feeding

Question 14

Assessing colostrum

Answer 14

TP: serum total protein

Question 15

DZ if FPT

Answer 15

• diarrhea
• respiratory
• naval ill

Question 16

Navel Disinfection

Products

Answer 16

• 7% strong iodine soln (no longer available)
• chlorhexidine solution
• Tamed iodine products

Question 17

Navel Disinfection time line

Answer 17

• repeated when calf is put in its pen
• repeated 12-18 hours later

Question 18

New born calves should be (< 12 hours after birth)

Answer 18

• identified wtih a unique ID system (ear tag)
• removed from the dam
• placed in individual housing

Question 19

Housing requirements of the calf

Answer 19

1. Clean and dry
2. Good (natural) ventilation
3. Prevention of calf-to-calf contact

Question 20

Traditional housing types

Answer 20

• hutch
• barn
• hybrid

Question 21

Hutch

Answer 21

• long rows for ease feeding
• > 2 hutch spacing
• move every 3-4 days in wet weather
• move every 10 days in dry weather
• fly strike
• clip turf

Question 22

Calf barn

Answer 22

• no bueno
• ping-pong diarrhea

Question 23

hutches under a roof

Answer 23

best of both worlds

Question 24

Group housing

Answer 24

• consumer perception

Question 25

Group Housing

Milk delivery

Answer 25

Ad lib

Mechanized

Question 26

Group sizes

Answer 26

• < 21 d : < 10-12 calves
• 21-56d : 40-50

Question 27

challenges of group housing

Answer 27

• infectious disease control
• ID of sick calves

Question 28

Milk feeding period

Birth to 4-8 weeks

Answer 28

• fresh (pasteurized) milk or high quality milk substitute
• feed at least twice a day to reduce digestive disturbance
• feed out of an open-faced bucket (not a nipple or bottle or nipple pail)

Question 29

During the milk feeding period at least….

Answer 29

twice a day for

• diarrhea
• septicemia
• pneumonia

Question 30

All feeding equiptment must be cleaned and sanitized ….

Answer 30

after every use

Question 31

One month old calves

Answer 31

• dehorn with cautery (more use paste in first 12-24 hours)
• 7-way Clostridium vaccine (prev. dz and bloat)
• Vaccinate with IBR/P13/BVD/BRSV (4 of the most important resp viruses of cows)
• Vaccines - twice: 2-3 weeks apart

Question 32

weaning happens at…

Answer 32

4-8 weeks

Question 33

You should not perform stressfull procedures…

Answer 33

1 week either side of weaning

Question 34

over 95 % of calves die

Answer 34

in first 90 days

Question 35

Big consideration of group housing for weanlings

Answer 35

fly control

Question 36

Dz related to poor fly control

Answer 36

pink eye