Dairy Cattle Reproduction (Part 1) Flashcards
Contribution to world milk production
Cattle
83%
Contribution to world milk production
Goat
2%
Contribution to world milk production
Buffalo
13%
Contribution to world milk production
Sheep
1%
Camels
.4%
Contribution to world milk production
Equine & yak
.6%
Contribution to world milk production
Cattle
Buffalo
Goat
Sheep
Other species
Camels
Which one is more important in milk production ?
Goat & Sheep
Goat
Holstein cow By 2010 yield
4.5 times the production of her ancestors at 1940 (2097 kg vs. 9590 kg)
Higher milk production is commonly associated with …… in dairy cows
Reduced fertility
Why and why not I choose this job / project?
- The demand for milk has always increased
- Employment is uniform throughout the yean
- Income is guaranteed every day
- The most advanced among animal production projects
- As a lifestyle, many believe that dairying is unsurpassable Be with animals. Be outside
Egypt Kg Per Capita
42 Kg
Top average country Per Capita
Finland → 457 Kg
Bottom average country Per Capita
Timor → 1.02 Kg
Egypt`s Milk Profile
4.7 million tons/year
HOW TO OPTIMISE REPRODUCTION & REDUCE INVOLUNTARY CULLING
The optimal calving interval is 12— 12.5 months
Which Cow is eligible for breeding?
Normal cow and passed 50 - 60 days after calving
To achieve a Cl of 365-380 d
The early postpartum period is critical (Fresh cows) :
- Rapid involution of the uterus
- Rapid resumption of normal ovarian activity
With AI
- Accurate estrus detection (HD)
- High conception (proper insemination) (CR)
Economic Loss due to Infertility (Long Calving Interval)
- Less lifetime milk yield
- Fewer calves for replacement
- Direct costs
- Culling of valuable cows
Cow Puberty
Able to release gametes and to manifest sexual behavior
- Age of puberty: 5 - 18 months
- It depends mainly on body weight (280 - 300 Kg)
Jersey Puberty
9 Months
Holstein Puberty
11 Months
Cows estrous
21 Days
polyestrous and not seasonal
Estrous will continue , excpet
- During pregnancy
- Negative energy balance , as during high milk yield (Energy produced in milk is higher than consumed one)
- A short period after calving
- Disease (e.g. smooth ovaries)
Silent heat; silent ovulation, or Subestrus
- Animals fail to show signs of estrus despite having normal cycle
- It can he due to the herdsperson failing to observe the signs; rather than a failure of the cow to show signs
Estrus (Heat)
2 - 30 hours
15 hours in mean
Days open
75 - 110 Day
Ovulation type
Spontaneous
CL life span
14 - 16 days
Advantages of 21-PR as a measure of fertility
It takes into account both SR and CR
It summarizes herd fertility at short intervals
Therefore, it has become the standard measure of reproductive performance
The 21 -d PR should be 35% or greater. However, many herds achieve 21 -PR of to 25%.
The 21 -d PR should be …
35% or greater
Calving interval is used for …..
individual cows
Calving index is the …….
average of calving intervals of all cows
CCI
interval from calving to conception (for pregnant cows)
DO
interval from calving to conception (for pregnant cows) + interval from calving to culling or to death (for cows failing to conceive)
SPC
the inverse of CR
