Dairy Flashcards
What is the most commonly consumed milk in the Uk?
Cow’s milk
Why is milk called a ‘complete food’?
Milk provides lots of different nutrients we need, so we call it a ‘complete food’
What nutrients does milk provide?
Milk provides:
- HBV Protein (animal protein).
- Carbohydrates (lactose).
- Vitamins A,D and a small amount of C.
- B vitamins.
- Fat (predominantly saturated fat)
- Minerals, such as mineral iron, phosphorus, calcium and potassium.
- Lots of water.
How does milk get treated?
We treat milk by heating it to destroy harmful bacteria.
What are 2 common methods to heat milk?
Two common methods for heating milk are:
- Pasteurisation.
- Ultra Heat Treated (UHT).
What is pasteurisation of milk?
Pasteurisation of milk is when milk is heated for 15 seconds at 72°C before cooling.
What does ultra heat treated (UHT) involve?
Ultra heat treated (UHT) involves:
- Heating milk for 1-4 seconds at
132°C -135°C or above.
- Quickly cool it.
- The milk is packed into a sealed packs.
- The milk stays at an room temperature for many months.
- Once opened, it must be treated as fresh milk.
What are common alternatives for cow’s milk?
Common alternative to cow’s milk are:
- Goat’s milk.
- Soya milk.
- Almond milk.
- Oat milk.
What are the common types of milk found in the Uk?
Common types of milk found in the Uk are:
- Condensed milk.
- Whole milk.
- Evaporated milk.
- Semi-skimmed milk.
- Dried milk powder.
- Skimmed milk.
What is condensed milk?
Condensed milk is evaporated milk with sugar added for preservation.
What is whole milk?
Whole milk is:
- Full-fat milk.
- 3.9% fat content.
- Blue lid.
What is evaporated milk?
Evaporated milk is:
- Concentrated canned milk.
- Evaporated milk is treated (heated) to destroy bacteria and reduce amount of liquid.
What is semi-skimmed milk?
Semi-skimmed milk is:
- Half-fat milk.
- 1.7% fat content.
- Green lid.
What is dried milk powder?
Dried milk powder:
- To get powdered milk, we take the water out of milk and heat it to dry it out.
- You mix water with milk powder to use it.
- You store milk powder in the refrigerator like fresh milk.
What is skimmed milk?
Skimmed milk is:
- Low-fat milk.
- 0.1-0.3% fat content.
- Red lid.
What is pasteurisation?
Pasteurisation:
- Milk is heated quickly to 72°C for 15 seconds.
- Cooled quickly to 4°C.
- Milk can be refrigerated and used within a few days.
Why is cheese a more concentrated food than milk?
Water is lost from milk when it’s turned into cheese so cheese is more a concentrated food than milk.
What is cheese used for in cooking?
Cheese can be used in cooking to:
- Add flavour.
- Add colour.
- Add texture.
- Increase nutritional value of a dish.
What is cheese a source of?
Cheese is a source of:
- Calcium.
- Sodium and phosphorus.
- High biological value protein.
- Fat.
- Vitamin A, and a little bit of vitamins D and B.
How should cheese be stored?
Storing cheese:
- You should keep cheese in a fridge set between 0 and 5°C.
- To stop cheese drying up, store them in an airtight container.
- Hard cheese will perish more slowly than soft cheeses.
What are 5 common types of cheese?
Types of cheese:
- Processed cheese.
- Blue veined cheese.
- Hard pressed cheese.
- Soft cheese.
- Unripened cheese.
What is processed cheese?
Slices of cheese.
What is a blue veined cheese?
Blue veined cheese:
- Danish blue.
- Gorgonzola.
What is hard pressed cheese?
Hard pressed cheese:
- Cheddar.
- Leicester.
What is soft cheese?
Soft cheese:
- Brie.
- Camembert.
What is unripened cheese?
Unripened cheese:
- Cottage cheese.
- Mozzarella.
What is yoghurt made from?
Milk
Where should yoghurt be kept?
Yoghurt should be kept in a refrigerator set between 0 and 5°C
What does yoghurt provide?
Yoghurt provides:
- Calcium.
- Vitamins B, some D and A.
- Carbohydrates (lactose).
- Fat (unless they are fat-free).
- High Biological Value (HBV) protein.
- Lots of water.
How is yoghurt made?
Yoghurt:
- Add bacteria to milk so that it ferments.
- The bacteria convert the lactose in the milk into lactic acid.
- The lactic acid thickens the milk by setting the protein
What are the different types of yoghurt?
Types of yoghurt:
- Live yoghurt - fermented with live culture bacteria.
- Set yoghurt - a firm yoghurt, set into the pot that it’s sold in.
- Greek yoghurt - made using cow’s milk.
How long should yoghurt be refrigerated for before spoilage?
refrigerated yoghurt should be consumed within 1 to 2 weeks of the purchase date.
