Dairy

Question 1

What is the most commonly consumed milk in the Uk?

Answer 1

Cow’s milk

Question 2

Why is milk called a ‘complete food’?

Answer 2

Milk provides lots of different nutrients we need, so we call it a ‘complete food’

Question 3

What nutrients does milk provide?

Answer 3

Milk provides:
- HBV Protein (animal protein).
- Carbohydrates (lactose).
- Vitamins A,D and a small amount of C.
- B vitamins.
- Fat (predominantly saturated fat)
- Minerals, such as mineral iron, phosphorus, calcium and potassium.
- Lots of water.

Question 4

How does milk get treated?

Answer 4

We treat milk by heating it to destroy harmful bacteria.

Question 5

What are 2 common methods to heat milk?

Answer 5

Two common methods for heating milk are:
- Pasteurisation.
- Ultra Heat Treated (UHT).

Question 6

What is pasteurisation of milk?

Answer 6

Pasteurisation of milk is when milk is heated for 15 seconds at 72°C before cooling.

Question 7

What does ultra heat treated (UHT) involve?

Answer 7

Ultra heat treated (UHT) involves:
- Heating milk for 1-4 seconds at
132°C -135°C or above.
- Quickly cool it.
- The milk is packed into a sealed packs.
- The milk stays at an room temperature for many months.
- Once opened, it must be treated as fresh milk.

Question 8

What are common alternatives for cow’s milk?

Answer 8

Common alternative to cow’s milk are:
- Goat’s milk.
- Soya milk.
- Almond milk.
- Oat milk.

Question 9

What are the common types of milk found in the Uk?

Answer 9

Common types of milk found in the Uk are:
- Condensed milk.
- Whole milk.
- Evaporated milk.
- Semi-skimmed milk.
- Dried milk powder.
- Skimmed milk.

Question 10

What is condensed milk?

Answer 10

Condensed milk is evaporated milk with sugar added for preservation.

Question 11

What is whole milk?

Answer 11

Whole milk is:
- Full-fat milk.
- 3.9% fat content.
- Blue lid.

Question 12

What is evaporated milk?

Answer 12

Evaporated milk is:
- Concentrated canned milk.
- Evaporated milk is treated (heated) to destroy bacteria and reduce amount of liquid.

Question 13

What is semi-skimmed milk?

Answer 13

Semi-skimmed milk is:
- Half-fat milk.
- 1.7% fat content.
- Green lid.

Question 14

What is dried milk powder?

Answer 14

Dried milk powder:
- To get powdered milk, we take the water out of milk and heat it to dry it out.
- You mix water with milk powder to use it.
- You store milk powder in the refrigerator like fresh milk.

Question 15

What is skimmed milk?

Answer 15

Skimmed milk is:
- Low-fat milk.
- 0.1-0.3% fat content.
- Red lid.

Question 16

What is pasteurisation?

Answer 16

Pasteurisation:
- Milk is heated quickly to 72°C for 15 seconds.
- Cooled quickly to 4°C.
- Milk can be refrigerated and used within a few days.

Question 17

Why is cheese a more concentrated food than milk?

Answer 17

Water is lost from milk when it’s turned into cheese so cheese is more a concentrated food than milk.

Question 18

What is cheese used for in cooking?

Answer 18

Cheese can be used in cooking to:
- Add flavour.
- Add colour.
- Add texture.
- Increase nutritional value of a dish.

Question 19

What is cheese a source of?

Answer 19

Cheese is a source of:
- Calcium.
- Sodium and phosphorus.
- High biological value protein.
- Fat.
- Vitamin A, and a little bit of vitamins D and B.

Question 20

How should cheese be stored?

Answer 20

Storing cheese:
- You should keep cheese in a fridge set between 0 and 5°C.
- To stop cheese drying up, store them in an airtight container.
- Hard cheese will perish more slowly than soft cheeses.

Question 21

What are 5 common types of cheese?

Answer 21

Types of cheese:
- Processed cheese.
- Blue veined cheese.
- Hard pressed cheese.
- Soft cheese.
- Unripened cheese.

Question 22

What is processed cheese?

Answer 22

Slices of cheese.

Question 23

What is a blue veined cheese?

Answer 23

Blue veined cheese:
- Danish blue.
- Gorgonzola.

Question 24

What is hard pressed cheese?

Answer 24

Hard pressed cheese:
- Cheddar.
- Leicester.

Question 25

What is soft cheese?

Answer 25

Soft cheese:
- Brie.
- Camembert.

Question 26

What is unripened cheese?

Answer 26

Unripened cheese:
- Cottage cheese.
- Mozzarella.

Question 27

What is yoghurt made from?

Answer 27

Milk

Question 28

Where should yoghurt be kept?

Answer 28

Yoghurt should be kept in a refrigerator set between 0 and 5°C

Question 29

What does yoghurt provide?

Answer 29

Yoghurt provides:
- Calcium.
- Vitamins B, some D and A.
- Carbohydrates (lactose).
- Fat (unless they are fat-free).
- High Biological Value (HBV) protein.
- Lots of water.

Question 30

How is yoghurt made?

Answer 30

Yoghurt:
- Add bacteria to milk so that it ferments.
- The bacteria convert the lactose in the milk into lactic acid.
- The lactic acid thickens the milk by setting the protein

Question 31

What are the different types of yoghurt?

Answer 31

Types of yoghurt:
- Live yoghurt - fermented with live culture bacteria.
- Set yoghurt - a firm yoghurt, set into the pot that it’s sold in.
- Greek yoghurt - made using cow’s milk.

Question 32

How long should yoghurt be refrigerated for before spoilage?

Answer 32

refrigerated yoghurt should be consumed within 1 to 2 weeks of the purchase date.