Dabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Definition of DM
An error of glucose metabolism
Signs & symptoms of DM
The 3 Ps
-Polyuria (fluid volume deficit)
-Polydipsia (dehydration)
-Polyphagia (eating a lot)
Type 1 DM
-Insulin dependant
-Juvenile onset
-Ketosis prone
Type 2 DM
-Insulin resistant
-Adult onset
-Non ketosis prone
Treatment for Type 1 DM
Diet (least important)
Insulin (MOST IMPORTANT)
Exercise
Treatment for type 2 DM
Diet
(most important: calorie restriction,
smaller mor frequent meals 6/day)
Oral hypoglycemics
Activity (physical)
2 things diabetics always have
- Hyperglycemia
- Dehydration
Hypoglycemia in type 1 DM caused by
-Not enough food
-Too much insulin/meds
-Too much exercise
Signs & symptoms of hypoglycemia in type 1 DM
-Drunk looking
-Cerebral impairment
-Slow reaction time
“Cold and Clammy need some candy”
Signs of insulin shock
-Low BP
-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-Cold
-Pale/mottle/patchy skin
-Clammy
Tx of hypoglycemia in type 1 DM
If conscious
-Administer Rapidly metabolizing carbohydrates (candy, honey, fruit juice)
-ideal combo: sugar and protein OJ
and crackers
If unconscious
-Administer IV D50 or IM glucagon
Causes of hyperglycemia
-Too much food
-not enough insulin
-not enough exercise
Number 1 cause of DKA in type 1 DM
Acute viral respiratory infection in the last 10 days
Signs & symptoms of DKA
Dehydration
Ketones (in blood confirm diagnosis)
Kussmauls breathing
K+ elevated
Acidosis
Acetone breath
Anorexia
Type 2 DM hyperglycemia can lead to
Hyperosmolar, Hyperglycemic, Non Ketotic Coma
-severe dehydration
