D3.1 introduction to france

Question 1

Where & when did wine growing start in France?

Answer 1

Greek colony Marseille during Roman Gaul period

Question 2

Who caused the expansion of wine growing?

Answer 2

Charlemagne

Question 3

What happened in 17-19th century?

Answer 3

Rise in Export, especially in Bordeaux, leading to the 1855 classification

Question 4

What happened to wine production during second half 19th century?

Answer 4

deceases due to export; phylloxera, powdery and downy mildew & black rot

Question 5

What solution did the winemakers find during phylloxera crisis?

Answer 5

Moved vineyards to Algeria and imported wine into France

Question 6

How has the Area under Vine changed during 1970-2010?

Answer 6

Decreased by 1/3

Question 7

How are most vineyards management in France?

Answer 7

High density with trellises apart from some bush vines in the South

Question 8

How are vines managed?

Answer 8

Cane replacement pruned guyot with VSP

Question 9

Most grown grape varieties?

Answer 9

White: Ugni Blanc, Chardonnay & Sauvignon Blanc
Red: merlot, Grenache & Syrah

Question 10

Describe general winemaking practises in France.

Answer 10

Hard to make generalisations with different regions. But chaptalisation was invented in France (less with warmer climate) and larges cooperage industry = barrel maturation

Question 11

Who created AOC system?

Answer 11

INAO = Institute national des appellations de l’origine (et de la qualité)

Question 12

What is AOC and IGP system based on?

Answer 12

Terroir

Question 13

What are the levels of IGP?

Answer 13

• regional IGP
• departmental IGP
  Small zone IGP