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WSET Diploma > D3 Austria > Flashcards

D3 Austria Flashcards

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1
Q

What was bring added to some high volume export wines and discovered in 1985? Why was it being added?

A

Diethylene glycol
Antifreeze agent
To increase volume and simulate sweetness

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2
Q

What was created in 1986? Why?

A

AWMB
Austrian Wine Marketing Board
To help change the international image of Austrian Wine

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3
Q

Name of the plain, as the Alps flatten out?

A

Pannonian plain

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4
Q

Overall climate? Main influences?

A

Cool continental
With number of influences
North (Weinviertel): cool northerly winds
South (Steiermark): Adriatic Sea influence, so warmer
East (Burgenland): warmer Pannonian climate
West (like vineyards on the Danube): cooler breezes from the Alps

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5
Q

Main climatic hazards?

A

Spring frosts
Hail (Steiermark)
Occasional damage if winters get too cold
Water stress in low rainfall years in areas with thin free draining soils

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6
Q

What are the 2 major soil types? Which varieties are usually planted on each?

A

Thin soils over rock (granite or gneiss)
Riesling, because needs less water

Richer soils such as loess
Grüner Veltliner as needs more water
Will also be planted on clay where it’s present

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7
Q

What was the main training method in the 1980s? Why was it popular?

A

Lenz Moser
Vines are Cordon trained to the height of 1.2 to 1.4 m which is higher than other systems and which requires wider rows to avoid shading
Popular for high-volume production as once established it requires little maintenance and allows many Vineyard tasks to be mechanized

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8
Q

Which training method is mostly used today? Why?

A

Single or double guyot with VSP

Better suited to high-quality production

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9
Q

Where is machine harvesting more common? And hand harvesting? Why?

A

Machine harvesting more common on flatter lands in parts of Weinvertel and Burgenland

Hand harvesting in the Vineyards around the Danube such as Wachau, Kremstal and Kamptal
Vines are planted on hand built, steep stone terraces that mean all work is carried out by hand

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10
Q

What has led to 14% of all vineyards following organic practices with an additional 9% certified sustainable?

A

Disease pressure is low in many parts of Austria, because of moderate precipitation

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11
Q

How much more labor is required for vines growing on the step terraces?

A

Growers have indicated that it can take 3 to 5 times as many hours as those vines on flatter land

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12
Q

What are the maximum Yields per hectare legally capped at? What about average yields?

A

67.5 hL/Ha
49 hL/Ha

In line with Austrians modern image which is focused on creating high-quality wines rather than wines for bulk production

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13
Q

Mostly white or black grapes in Austria?

A

2/3 of all vineyards in Austria are planted with white grape varieties

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14
Q

Top five most planted grape varieties in order?

A 
Grüner Veltliner
Zweigelt
Welschriesling
Blaufränkisch
Riesling
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15
Q

Why does Grüner Veltliner require careful canopy management?

A

Because it can be vigorous if planted on fertile soil’s

In order to produce ripe grapes careful canopy management is therefore required

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16
Q

What can lead to bitterness in the wines made with grüner Veltliner?

A

It is a thick skinned variety

If you left in contact with the juice for too long, it can contribute a phenolic taste or bitterness to the wine

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17
Q

Apart from phenolics, what other important thing is found in the skins of Gruner Veltliner ?

A

Chemical compound rotundone

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18
Q

What is Zweigelt?

A

Crossing between Sankt Laurent and Blaufränkisch

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19
Q

Why is Zweigelt widely planted throughout Austria?

A

Because it is easy to ripen and it is not susceptible to Frost or Rot
It’s ripens more easily than Blaufränkisch
Can be high-yielding

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20
Q

What is essential with Zweigelt in order to produce quality grapes?

A

Leaf removal and canopy management

It is a vigorous variety

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21
Q

What type of deficiency isZweigelt prone to? What does it lead to?

A

Potassium deficiency

Can lead to withering of the grapes before they ripen, leading to lots of crops for that vintage

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22
Q

In which 2 region is Welschriesling mostly found? What style of wine?

A

Steiermark

Fresh, neutral, unoaked dry wines. High levels of acidity. Neutral aromatics.

Burgenland, around humid Neusiedlersee region
Sweet ones affected by Noble Road
Labeled as BA or TBA

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23
Q

Name 2 top DACs for Blaufränkisch.

A

Leithaberg DAC
Mittelburgenland

Both are in Burgenland

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24
Q

Why does Blaufränkisch need a warm climate?

A

It is late ripening and therefore needs a warm climate to become fully ripe

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25
Q

What is a positive aspect of the Blaufränkisch grape which is handy for the area around Neusiedlersee?

A

Thick skins

Not as prone to rot us some other varieties

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26
Q

When/why can Blaufränkisch create wines with green aromas and flavours?

A

It can be high-yielding. If left to do so it will struggle to ripen.

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27
Q

Which black grapes variety, if the yields are managed, can produce some of Austria the most age worthy and intense red ones?

A

Blaufränkisch

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28
Q

Riesling represents what percentage of plantings?

A

4%

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29
Q

In which area is riesling mostly found? On what soils? Why?

A

Niederösterreich
In the warmest sites on scene soil’s
Because it needs less water than grüner

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30
Q

Typical steps of white wine making?

A

Aim is to preserve the primary fruit and varietal characteristic
Many will use a short period of skin contact to maximize aromas and flavors
Ferment the wine in neutral vessel
Temperature control to prevent the loss of delicate and volatile aromas
Grüner and riesling typically don’t go through malo
Many will leave the ones on finally’s for up to six months or longer to add texture
Most are fermented to dryness

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31
Q

Why do you Gruner and riesling typically not go through malolactic conversion?

A

Partly because it would be difficult to achieve because of the low pH of the wines
Also because they want to retain the varietal character in fresh acidity

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32
Q

Typical red wine making?

A

Typically fermented in large open top vessels
Either punch downs or pump overs
Some will use ambient yeast
Either stored in stainless steel or matured in old oak vessels often 300 to 600 L or larger, to help soften tannins without extracting the flavor of oak
A few premium wines aged in barriques with some new oak
Some producers choose Acacia vats over oak

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33
Q

What type of wood do some wine makers use instead of Oak? Why?

A

Acacia

Gives a small amount of oxygenation without the vanilla characters of oak

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34
Q

What does DAC stand for?

A

Districtus Austriae Controllatus

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35
Q

What is the PGI and PDO of Austria? What is a wine without geographic indication?

A

PGI Landwein
PDO Qualitätswein

Wein

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36
Q

What extra quality check/assurance does Qualitätswein have to go through?

A

I government inspection to ensure it meets the minimum quality standards
Government inspection number will be stated on the label

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37
Q

What category of one mix up the majority of production?

A

Qualitätswein (including Prädikstswein) 90%

Wein and Landwein only 10%

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38
Q

What does labeling term Klassik on a Qualitätswein mean?

A

Wines with a vintage declared and showing varietal character

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39
Q

What does labeling term Reserve on a Qualitätswein mean?

A

Dry wines with a minimum of 13% ABV, typically harvested and released later than the standard wines

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40
Q

What are TBA wines from the city of rust labeled as?

A

Ausbrusch

41
Q

What is the difference between the Prädikstswein system in Austria versus Germany?

A

Kabinett does not fall into Prädikstswein

42
Q

What was the amendment to the wine law legislation in 2002? What was the aim?

A

To create an appellation system which is aimed to promote regional typicity
Only these wines are permitted to display their origin on the label
Those that do not conform to the legislation have to use the larger area name on there label

43
Q

What was the first DAC region to be validated in 2001?

A

Weinviertel

44
Q

What is the potential disadvantage of the DAC system?

A

This may lead to a situation where new wave wines are not eligible for a DAC status even though their quality may be high (because of tasting panned assessing for regional typicity)

45
Q

For DAC Wines, what are the terms which can be used for quality hierarchy?

A

Gebietswein (regional)
Ortswein (village)
Riedenwein (single vineyard)

46
Q

Which requirements must be followed for one to be allowed into a DAC?

A

Only specific permitted grape varieties are allowed in each DAC
Wines must meet the tasting panel criteria of what is deemed typical for that region

47
Q

Name the two associations outside of the Austrian one law that classify quality and origin for Austrian wines.

A

Österreichische Traditionsweingüter

Vinea Wachau

48
Q

What is Österreichische Traditionsweingüter (ÖTW)?

A

A group of producers based in the Kamptal, Kremstal, Wagram and Vienna regions who have been classifying there vineyards in a similar fashion to burgundy based on soil type in climate.

81 vineyards were selected as Erste Lage in 2019

Dry wines from these vineyards can use a designated logo (1ÖTW) on their labels as long as the two main grape varieties of the region are used.

49
Q

What is Vinae Wachau?

A

The name of a group of quality minded producers based in Wachau that have classification systems for the wines of the region

50
Q

Name the four federal states in Austria that have viticulture.

A

Niederösterreich (Lower Austria)
Burgenland
Steiermark
Wien

51
Q

What is Austria’s largest grape growing region?

A

Niederösterreich

52
Q

Main group varieties in Wachau?

A

Riesling and Grüner Veltliner

Never blended

53
Q

What leads to very ripe fruit in Wachau?

A

Most of the vineyards are on steep terraces
Best sites face south
Stone terraces retain heat during the day and radiate back into the vine at night
Danube River also reflects heat and sun into the terraces

54
Q

Irrigation in a Wachau?

A

Often necessary
Only around 460 mm of rain per year
Irrigation is controlled

55
Q

What is a disadvantage of the proximity to the Danube for the region of Wachau?

A

In some years, humidity from the Danube can cause noble rot formation, which may not be desired for a number of producers, because the style that is preferred is dry

56
Q

What are the rules around Wachau DAC?

A

Range of varieties can be used for regional and village Wines
Single Vineyard Wine’s only Gruner and Riesling are allowed
All DAC ones must be harvested by hand

57
Q

What are the three different classifications of dry white wines of Vinae Wachau?

A

Steinfelder (fruity, dry white, max 11.5%)
Federspiel (more concentrated, dry white, 11.5-12.5%)
Smaragd (highly concentrated dry wine, ripe fruit flavours, min 12.5%)

58
Q

DAC rules for Kremstal?

A

Must be riesling or Gruner only

Red wines from the region are labeled as niederösterreich

59
Q

Percentage of red wines in Kremstal? Grape variety?

A

25% red

Zweigelt

60
Q

Describe the climatic influences in Kamptal. What does this lead to in the wines?

A

The region is subject to both warm breezes from the Pannonian plain, but also cooling air from the bohemian massif

This results in a large diurnal range meaning that the wines have a high level of acidity

Also means that black grapes can be ripe and successfully because of the warm breezes

61
Q

DAC in Wagram?

A

There are no DAC’s

62
Q

Topography and climate in a Wagram?

A

Vineyards planted both north and south of the Danube River on gently Rolling hills
Strong warming influence from the Pannonian plain

63
Q

Main grape variety in Wagram? Why?

A

Grüner

Loess soils

64
Q

Which region is associated with Roter Veltliner? Style of wine?

A

Wagram

Local white grape variety producing full body what’s that develop nutty aromas with bottle age

65
Q

What is the largest appellation in Austria?

A

Weinviertel

66
Q

Main great variety in Weinvertel?

A

Grüner (half of plantings)

67
Q

Describe the climatic influence on Gruner Veltliner in Weinvertel and what this means for the style of wine.

A

Cooling breezes from the north allow for a high diurnal range, meaning peppery aromatics are preserved as are high levels of acidity.

68
Q

Which region has the most peppery grüner Veltliner?

A

Weinviertel

69
Q

DAC rules in Weinvertel?

A

DAC ones must be made from Grüner

70
Q

What style of one can be expected from a DAC Weinvertel Reserve Wine?

A

Grüner
Minimum of 13% ABV
Allows for some oak aging and/or the inclusion of some botrytis affected grapes which adds richness and complexity but the wines are still dry

71
Q

Main grapes varieties in Thermenregion? Why?

A

50% black grapes
Pinot noir
Sankt Laurent

Region benefits from the warm air coming from the Pannonian plain hence why black grapes can ripen consistently

72
Q

What is the local specialty in Thermenregion?

A

Rotgipfler (full bodied with peach)
Zierfandler (aromatic, peach, honey, spice)
Or blend of the two

Neuburger is most planted white

73
Q

What is Neuburger?

A

Most planted white grape in Thermenregion

Local white grape with subtle spicy and floral aromas

74
Q

What is the climate in Burgenland?

A

One of the flattest and warmest areas in Austria

Warm air from the Pannonian plain

75
Q

Main grape varieties in Burgenland?

A

Over 55% of all plantings are black grapes
Blaufränkisch
Zweigelt

Grüner and welschriesling are most planted whites

76
Q

Important style of wine produced from Welschriesling in Burgenland?

A

Botrytis

Some are outstanding in quality

77
Q

What is the climate and topography in Neusiedlersee?

A

Warm and humid
Warmest area in Austria
Situated around the eastern shores of the large shallow lake of the same name
Flat area

78
Q

Why is Neusiedlersee a successful area for Noble Rot wines?

A
  • The area is warm and the Vineyard land is flat
  • The shallow lake of the same name as the region can reach really warm temperatures during the summer months
  • in the autumn when the air temperature drops but the water of the lake is still warm, fog forms overnight, covering the surrounding vineyards
  • High humidity encourages noble rot
  • Warm autumn sunshine in the afternoon burns away the fog and prevents gray rot
  • The region has consistent noble right in every vintage
79
Q

Why is Welschriesling planted near the lake in Neusiedlersee?

A

It has thin skins and is therefore prone to noble rot infections

80
Q

Where are the black grapes varieties planted in Neusiedlersee?

A

Further away from the lake where the temperature is still warm but the humidity is lower.

81
Q

Why are the TBA wines of Neusiedlersee premium priced?

A

The grapes are hand harvested over many weeks

82
Q

Rules around DAC ones in Neusiedlersee?

A

Red ones only made from Zweigelt

83
Q

What are the Noble Rot wines in Neusiedlersee labeled as? Why?

A

Burgenland

Because the DAC winds are only Zweigelt

84
Q

What are the rules around DAC for Leithaberg?

A

Red or white wine

Red must be minimum 85% Blaufränkisch
Must be aged in oak
Whites are also made 
can be a blend or single variety
Weissburgunder, Chardonnay, Grüner , Neuburger
85
Q

Where is Ausbrusch produced? What is it?

A

Liethaberg
On the western shores of Neusiedlersee lake, around the town of Rust
Very sweet TBA

86
Q

What provides a much needed diurnal range in Leithaberg?

A

The Liethaberg hills

87
Q

Style of wine in Mittelburgenland? Why?

A

Red wine
Exposed to the Pannonian plain
Warm climate means Blaufränkisch can easily ripen here and accounts for more than half of all plantings

88
Q

What are the 3 DAC styles found in Mittelburgenland? Grape variety?

A

All must have minimum 85% Blaufränkisch

DAC
Typically aged in stainless steel or large oak

DAC plus Vineyard designation
Slightly higher minimum alcohol and typically aged in large oak or barrique

DAC reserve
Slightly higher alcohol, longer minimum time maturing and typically aged in large oak or barrique

89
Q

What is the region of Steiermark also known as?

A

Styria

90
Q

What are the climatic hazards in Steiermark?

A

Cold winters mean that winter freeze may be an issue
Spring Frost and hail are problematic
Netting is used to help prevent hail damage

91
Q

Main style of one and grape varieties in the Steiermark?

A

Crisp dry white wines
Welschriesling
Sauvignon Blanc
Weissburgunder

92
Q

What are the sub region DAC in Steiermark?

A

Vulkanland Steiermark DAC
Südsteiermark DAC
Weststeiermark DAC

93
Q

Grape variety rules for the DACs of Steiermark?

A

A range of grape varieties are permitted for the regional wines

Local specialties (like Sauvignon Blanc) must be the focus of the village (Ostersein) and single Vineyard Wines (Reidsnweine)

94
Q

DAC in Wien?

A 
Seiner Gemischter Satz 
White wine
Must be a blend
Of which 20 different grape varieties are permitted
Must be dry
Must be unoaked
95
Q

Style of wine in Wein?

A

Most Wines produced here are made to be consumed immediately in informal local premises that sell newly made wines from the current harvest

96
Q

Where do most of the wine sales in Austria take place?

A

More than half of all sales of wine in Austria is sold in the hospitality sector
(Heurigen)

97
Q

What are Heurigen?

A

Small inns or taverns that serve simple good and local wine
Many of these have outdoor spaces for eating and drinking
They are most frequently open in the late summer and autumn but many operate you around

98
Q

Percentage of production which is exported?

A

20%

99
Q

Main export markets?

A

Germany which accounts for just under half
Switzerland
USA

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