D.2 - Natural Selection and ISN

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Genetic makeup of a species

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

All alleles of a population considered together

Question 3

Artificial Selection

Answer 3

Selective breeding - selecting individual organisms for breeding purposes based on DESIRED phenotypes

Question 4

Fitness

Answer 4

Suitability for survival in the environment

Question 5

Success

Answer 5

Ongoing potential for survival

Success - combination of range of habitat, quantity, variety of food sources, defensive ability and strategies, reproductivity

Question 6

Viability

Answer 6

Ability to survive and have offspring

Question 7

Speciation

Answer 7

Development of new species

Question 8

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 8

Development of new species that occurs when parent species is subdivided and each population survives independently and is unable to breed with each other

Question 9

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 9

Speciation from single species into 2, where new species aren’t physically seperated but instead gentically distinct so interbreeding isn’t possible anymore

Question 10

Prezygotic Isolation

Answer 10

Prevents reproduction by making fertilization unlikely
(5 types - Geogrpahical/ Habitat Isolation, Temporal Isolation, Mechanical Isolation, Behavioural Isolation, Gamete Isolation)

Question 11

Postzygotic Isolation

Answer 11

Fertilization has occurred but hybrid offspring cannot develop or reproduce
(3 Types - Hybrid Inviability, Hybrid Sterility, Hybrid Breakdown)