D: Organic chemistry

Question 0

What is the homologous series?

Answer 0

A family of compounds with similar properties because they have similar bonding

Question 1

What are alkanes made of?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons

Question 2

What is the general formula for ALKANES?

Answer 2

CnH2n+2

Question 3

What is the general formula for ALKENES?

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 4

Part of the double bond breaks and the electrons are used to join other atoms onto the two carbon atoms

Question 5

How do you test for an alkene?

Answer 5

By using bromine which decolorises when in contact with an alkene (carbon-carbon double bonds)

Question 6

What do all alcohols contain?

Answer 6

An -OH group covalently bonded onto a carbon chain

Question 7

How do you make ethanol normally?

Answer 7

By fermentation of glucose using yeast and also by hydration of ethene

Question 8

What is a biofuel? (Hint: ethanol is a biofuel)

Answer 8

A fuel made from biological sources

Question 9

What is dehydration?

Answer 9

The removal of water from a compound

Question 10

What happens in the dehydration of ethanol?

Answer 10

Ethanol vapour is passed over hot aluminium oxide acting as a catalyst.

Question 11

What does SATURATED mean?

Answer 11

Single bonds

Question 12

What is crude oil?

Answer 12

A mixture of hydrocarbons. It is a finite non-renewable source.

Question 13

How do the properties of hydrocarbons change with molecule size? (When thy get bigger)

Answer 13

Boiling point increases,

Liquids become less volatile and flow less easily

Question 14

How do you seperate crude oil?

Answer 14

Using a fractional column which is fractional distillation.

It is cooler at the top and hotter at the bottom.

Question 15

What are the top three things on the fractioning column?

Answer 15

Refinery gases
Gasoline
Kerosine

Question 16

What are the bottom three things on the fractioning column?

Answer 16

Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 17

Why can hydrocarbons be used as fuels?

Answer 17

They but in air to form carbon dioxide and water and release a lot of heat

Question 18

What is incomplete combustion?

Answer 18

When there isn’t enough air leading to carbon monoxide

Question 19

What are refinery gases used for and what is kerosine used for?

Answer 19

LPG for domestic heating and cooking

Used as fuel for jet aircrafts

Question 20

What is bitumen?

Answer 20

A thick black material that makes the surfaces of roads

Question 21

What is cracking?

Answer 21

A process in which large hydrocarbons molecules are broken into smaller ones

Question 22

What does cracking produce?

Answer 22

A mixture of alkanes and alkenes?

Question 23

What is it called when molecules containing carbon-carbon bonds break, and the electrons in it join neighbouring molecules?

Answer 23

Addition polymerisation

Question 24

What is polymerisation?

Answer 24

The joining up of lots of little molecules (monomers) to make one big molecule (the polymer)

Question 25

What are the uses of poly(ethene)?

Answer 25

Low density - use as a thin film to make polythene bags

High density - makes plastic bottles like milk bottles

Question 26

What is condensation reaction?

Answer 26

When two monomers combine and a small molecule is lost