d

Question 1

infection

Answer 1

replicating and causing disease

Question 2

symptom

Answer 2

felt by patient

Question 3

sign

Answer 3

measurable

Question 4

syndrome

Answer 4

sign and symptoms

Question 5

subclinical case/disease/asymptomatic

Answer 5

disease/damage is occuring, no signs or symptoms

Question 6

local infection

Answer 6

small area of the body

Question 7

systemic infection

Answer 7

throughout the body

Question 8

focal infection

Answer 8

local then throughout

Question 9

primary infection

Answer 9

initial illness

Question 10

secondary infection

Answer 10

opportunistic infection after primary infection

Question 11

sepsis

Answer 11

inflammatory response

Question 12

septicema

Answer 12

growth of pathogen in the blood (except bacteria)

Question 13

strict pathogens

Answer 13

asymptomatic case and asymptomatic carriage

Question 14

asymptomatic case

Answer 14

damage, no signs and symptoms (pathology)

Question 15

asymptomatic carriage

Answer 15

no disease

Question 16

why is it difficult for microbes to establish infections in the eye

Answer 16

lysozyme in lacrimal gland

Question 17

how can bacterial conjunctivitis be distinguished from viral conjunctivitis

Answer 17

bacterial (purulent): puss
viral (non-purulent): watery, no puss

Question 18

what immune response act against viruses

Answer 18

innate and adaptive

Question 19

what is the best target for an adaptive immune response against Adenovirus - non purulent conjunctivitis

Answer 19

antigenic variation

Question 20

what is the microbiome

Answer 20

normal flora

Question 21

what is the function of the biofilm

Answer 21

to protect the colony

Question 22

how is the expression of a biofilm regulated

Answer 22

undergo Quorum sensing

Question 23

what is the target for drugs with high selective toxicity which interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 23

topoisomerase

Question 24

what is hypopion

Answer 24

visible accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lower portion of the front part of the eye

Question 25

what is keratitis medical emergency

Answer 25

damage into the protective barrier

Question 26

what is linked to loss to sight

Answer 26

inflammatory bystander

Question 27

what type of exotoxin is Exotoxin A

Answer 27

action

Question 28

what is the purpose of siderophores

Answer 28

steal iron

Question 29

what are hemolysins

Answer 29

toxin breaks down rbcs

Question 30

how do efflux pumps provide antibiotic resistance

Answer 30

pumps out the drug

Question 31

pyoderma

Answer 31

purulent pus in a skin lesion

Question 32

erythema

Answer 32

erythematous - redness of skin

Question 33

pruritis

Answer 33

pruritic - severe itching

Question 34

crust/ scab

Answer 34

dried residue of serum, dried blood of the skin

Question 35

edema

Answer 35

accumulation of fluid in the tissue

Question 36

exudate

Answer 36

material composed of serum that escapes from blood vessels into the area of inflammation

Question 37

abscess

Answer 37

localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

Question 38

furuncle/boil

Answer 38

production of coagulase and leukocidins - wall of hard abscesses

Question 39

carbuncle

Answer 39

coalesced furuncles - by hyaluronidase and fibrinolysin

Question 40

what is catalase production for a bacterium

Answer 40

superoxide radical-> hydrogen peroxide hydrogen peroxide -> water and oxygen

Question 41

what role does coagulase ,leukocidin in S. aureus

Answer 41

kill WBC, form wall

Question 42

what role does hyaluronidase in S. aureus

Answer 42

allow spreading

Question 43

what role does fibrionlysin in S. aureus

Answer 43

break the wall

Question 44

how does S. aureus (scalded) exfoliative toxin cause damage/disease

Answer 44

adhere to desmoglein -> cause keratinocytes to lose ability stick to each other

Question 45

why do the toxins from this org cause disease in children under 5 years old

Answer 45

children have immature immune system

Question 46

what is a positive Nikosky's sign

Answer 46

slight rubbing cause seperation of the epidermis and dermis

Question 47

the clinical presentation of disease caused by tineas ringworm due to what reaction of the host body

Answer 47

inflammatory response

Question 48

what is meant by iatrogenic transmission of microbe

Answer 48

contaminated healthcare tools

Question 49

explain role of lecithinase (alpha toxin) in the gas gangere/myonecrosis

Answer 49

hydrolyze lecithin, down regulate neutrophils

Question 50

hyperbaric champers serve what purpose in treatment of gas gangere

Answer 50

provide oxygen for anaerobes to kill them

Question 51

what is a key clinical sign of myonecrosis due to c. perfrigens

Answer 51

crepitus - fermentation in the tissue

Question 52

what is the mechanism of action of streptolysin O of necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 52

bind to cholesterol -> multisubunit pores formation

Question 53

why is the use of surgical debridement important for treatment of necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 53

rapid spread

Question 54

what does ASO assay test for in necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 54

draw blood to make antibodies

Question 55

ulcers

Answer 55

raw, ragged edges, serous exudates

Question 56

eschar

Answer 56

central necrosis progressing to a PURPLE/ BLACK scab

Question 57

what are the 3 exotoxins of anthrax

Answer 57

PA - protective atigens EF- edema factor LF - lethal factor

Question 58

role of 3 exotoxins

Answer 58

PA - bind, EF/LF - action

Question 59

how does the capsule assist in evasion of the immune response

Answer 59

resistant to agent, phagocytosis, attachment