d Flashcards
f
infection
replicating and causing disease
symptom
felt by patient
sign
measurable
syndrome
sign and symptoms
subclinical case/disease/asymptomatic
disease/damage is occuring, no signs or symptoms
local infection
small area of the body
systemic infection
throughout the body
focal infection
local then throughout
primary infection
initial illness
secondary infection
opportunistic infection after primary infection
sepsis
inflammatory response
septicema
growth of pathogen in the blood (except bacteria)
strict pathogens
asymptomatic case and asymptomatic carriage
asymptomatic case
damage, no signs and symptoms (pathology)
asymptomatic carriage
no disease
why is it difficult for microbes to establish infections in the eye
lysozyme in lacrimal gland
how can bacterial conjunctivitis be distinguished from viral conjunctivitis
bacterial (purulent): puss
viral (non-purulent): watery, no puss
what immune response act against viruses
innate and adaptive
what is the best target for an adaptive immune response against Adenovirus - non purulent conjunctivitis
antigenic variation
what is the microbiome
normal flora
what is the function of the biofilm
to protect the colony
how is the expression of a biofilm regulated
undergo Quorum sensing
what is the target for drugs with high selective toxicity which interfere with nucleic acid synthesis
topoisomerase
what is hypopion
visible accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lower portion of the front part of the eye
what is keratitis medical emergency
damage into the protective barrier
what is linked to loss to sight
inflammatory bystander
what type of exotoxin is Exotoxin A
action
what is the purpose of siderophores
steal iron
what are hemolysins
toxin breaks down rbcs
how do efflux pumps provide antibiotic resistance
pumps out the drug
pyoderma
purulent pus in a skin lesion
erythema
erythematous - redness of skin
pruritis
pruritic - severe itching
crust/ scab
dried residue of serum, dried blood of the skin
edema
accumulation of fluid in the tissue
exudate
material composed of serum that escapes from blood vessels into the area of inflammation
abscess
localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
furuncle/boil
production of coagulase and leukocidins - wall of hard abscesses
carbuncle
coalesced furuncles - by hyaluronidase and fibrinolysin
what is catalase production for a bacterium
superoxide radical-> hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide -> water and oxygen
what role does coagulase ,leukocidin in S. aureus
kill WBC, form wall
what role does hyaluronidase in S. aureus
allow spreading
what role does fibrionlysin in S. aureus
break the wall
how does S. aureus (scalded) exfoliative toxin cause damage/disease
adhere to desmoglein -> cause keratinocytes to lose ability stick to each other
why do the toxins from this org cause disease in children under 5 years old
children have immature immune system
what is a positive Nikosky’s sign
slight rubbing cause seperation of the epidermis and dermis
the clinical presentation of disease caused by tineas ringworm due to what reaction of the host body
inflammatory response
what is meant by iatrogenic transmission of microbe
contaminated healthcare tools
explain role of lecithinase (alpha toxin) in the gas gangere/myonecrosis
hydrolyze lecithin, down regulate neutrophils
hyperbaric champers serve what purpose in treatment of gas gangere
provide oxygen for anaerobes to kill them
what is a key clinical sign of myonecrosis due to c. perfrigens
crepitus - fermentation in the tissue
what is the mechanism of action of streptolysin O of necrotizing fasciitis
bind to cholesterol -> multisubunit pores formation
why is the use of surgical debridement important for treatment of necrotizing fasciitis
rapid spread
what does ASO assay test for in necrotizing fasciitis
draw blood to make antibodies
ulcers
raw, ragged edges, serous exudates
eschar
central necrosis progressing to a PURPLE/ BLACK scab
what are the 3 exotoxins of anthrax
PA - protective atigens
EF- edema factor
LF - lethal factor
role of 3 exotoxins
PA - bind, EF/LF - action
how does the capsule assist in evasion of the immune response
resistant to agent, phagocytosis, attachment
