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d Flashcards

f

1
Q

infection

A

replicating and causing disease

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2
Q

symptom

A

felt by patient

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3
Q

sign

A

measurable

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4
Q

syndrome

A

sign and symptoms

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5
Q

subclinical case/disease/asymptomatic

A

disease/damage is occuring, no signs or symptoms

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6
Q

local infection

A

small area of the body

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7
Q

systemic infection

A

throughout the body

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8
Q

focal infection

A

local then throughout

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9
Q

primary infection

A

initial illness

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10
Q

secondary infection

A

opportunistic infection after primary infection

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11
Q

sepsis

A

inflammatory response

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12
Q

septicema

A

growth of pathogen in the blood (except bacteria)

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13
Q

strict pathogens

A

asymptomatic case and asymptomatic carriage

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14
Q

asymptomatic case

A

damage, no signs and symptoms (pathology)

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15
Q

asymptomatic carriage

A

no disease

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16
Q

why is it difficult for microbes to establish infections in the eye

A

lysozyme in lacrimal gland

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17
Q

how can bacterial conjunctivitis be distinguished from viral conjunctivitis

A

bacterial (purulent): puss
viral (non-purulent): watery, no puss

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18
Q

what immune response act against viruses

A

innate and adaptive

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19
Q

what is the best target for an adaptive immune response against Adenovirus - non purulent conjunctivitis

A

antigenic variation

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20
Q

what is the microbiome

A

normal flora

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21
Q

what is the function of the biofilm

A

to protect the colony

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22
Q

how is the expression of a biofilm regulated

A

undergo Quorum sensing

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23
Q

what is the target for drugs with high selective toxicity which interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

A

topoisomerase

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24
Q

what is hypopion

A

visible accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lower portion of the front part of the eye

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25
Q

what is keratitis medical emergency

A

damage into the protective barrier

26
Q

what is linked to loss to sight

A

inflammatory bystander

27
Q

what type of exotoxin is Exotoxin A

A

action

28
Q

what is the purpose of siderophores

A

steal iron

29
Q

what are hemolysins

A

toxin breaks down rbcs

30
Q

how do efflux pumps provide antibiotic resistance

A

pumps out the drug

31
Q

pyoderma

A

purulent pus in a skin lesion

32
Q

erythema

A

erythematous - redness of skin

33
Q

pruritis

A

pruritic - severe itching

34
Q

crust/ scab

A

dried residue of serum, dried blood of the skin

35
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the tissue

36
Q

exudate

A

material composed of serum that escapes from blood vessels into the area of inflammation

37
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

38
Q

furuncle/boil

A

production of coagulase and leukocidins - wall of hard abscesses

39
Q

carbuncle

A

coalesced furuncles - by hyaluronidase and fibrinolysin

40
Q

what is catalase production for a bacterium

A

superoxide radical-> hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide -> water and oxygen

41
Q

what role does coagulase ,leukocidin in S. aureus

A

kill WBC, form wall

42
Q

what role does hyaluronidase in S. aureus

A

allow spreading

43
Q

what role does fibrionlysin in S. aureus

A

break the wall

44
Q

how does S. aureus (scalded) exfoliative toxin cause damage/disease

A

adhere to desmoglein -> cause keratinocytes to lose ability stick to each other

45
Q

why do the toxins from this org cause disease in children under 5 years old

A

children have immature immune system

46
Q

what is a positive Nikosky’s sign

A

slight rubbing cause seperation of the epidermis and dermis

47
Q

the clinical presentation of disease caused by tineas ringworm due to what reaction of the host body

A

inflammatory response

48
Q

what is meant by iatrogenic transmission of microbe

A

contaminated healthcare tools

49
Q

explain role of lecithinase (alpha toxin) in the gas gangere/myonecrosis

A

hydrolyze lecithin, down regulate neutrophils

50
Q

hyperbaric champers serve what purpose in treatment of gas gangere

A

provide oxygen for anaerobes to kill them

51
Q

what is a key clinical sign of myonecrosis due to c. perfrigens

A

crepitus - fermentation in the tissue

52
Q

what is the mechanism of action of streptolysin O of necrotizing fasciitis

A

bind to cholesterol -> multisubunit pores formation

53
Q

why is the use of surgical debridement important for treatment of necrotizing fasciitis

A

rapid spread

54
Q

what does ASO assay test for in necrotizing fasciitis

A

draw blood to make antibodies

55
Q

ulcers

A

raw, ragged edges, serous exudates

56
Q

eschar

A

central necrosis progressing to a PURPLE/ BLACK scab

57
Q

what are the 3 exotoxins of anthrax

A

PA - protective atigens
EF- edema factor
LF - lethal factor

58
Q

role of 3 exotoxins

A

PA - bind, EF/LF - action

59
Q

how does the capsule assist in evasion of the immune response

A

resistant to agent, phagocytosis, attachment

60
Q
A

d (4 decks)

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