cz cz

Question 1

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Humans ingest embryonated eggs from contaminated food or water.
  • Larvae hatch in the small intestine and mature in the colon.
  • Adult worms embed into the intestinal mucosa, causing trichuriasis.
  • Eggs are passed in feces and embryonate in soil.

Answer 1

1. Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)

Question 2

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Humans acquire infection by eating raw or undercooked meat containing encysted larvae.
  • Larvae are released in the small intestine and mature into adults.
  • Females release larvae, which migrate to muscle tissues and form cysts.

Answer 2

2. Trichinella spiralis

Question 3

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Humans ingest infective larvae from raw fish.
  • Larvae mature in the small intestine, where they produce eggs.
  • Some eggs hatch in the intestine, leading to autoinfection.
  • Eggs are passed in feces and develop in freshwater environments.

Answer 3

3. Capillaria philippinensis

Question 4

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Ingestion of embryonated eggs from soil.
  • Larvae hatch, penetrate the intestinal wall, and migrate via the bloodstream to the lungs.
  • Larvae are coughed up, swallowed, and mature in the intestines.
  • Adult worms produce eggs, passed in feces.

Answer 4

4. Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Roundworm)

Question 5

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Eggs from dog or cat feces are ingested by humans (accidental hosts).
  • Larvae migrate through various tissues, causing visceral larva migrans.
  • No adult worms develop in humans.

Answer 5

5 & 6. Toxocara cati / Toxocara canis

Question 6

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Infective larvae penetrate human skin from contaminated soil.
  • Larvae enter the bloodstream, travel to the lungs, and are swallowed.
  • Adults mature in the small intestine and attach to the intestinal wall.
  • Eggs are passed in feces.

Answer 6

7. Necator americanus & 8. Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworms)

Question 7

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Zoonotic hookworms; infective larvae penetrate human skin, causing cutaneous larva migrans.
  • Humans are incidental hosts, no adult worms develop.

Answer 7

9. Ancylostoma braziliense & 10. Ancylostoma caninum

Question 8

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Infective filariform larvae penetrate the skin.
  • Larvae migrate to the lungs, get swallowed, and mature in the intestines.
  • Can cause autoinfection, leading to chronic infections.
  • Eggs hatch into rhabditiform larvae inside the host, excreted in feces.

Answer 8

11. Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)

Question 9

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Eggs are ingested, hatch in the small intestine, and migrate to the colon.
  • Females lay eggs around the perianal region at night.
  • Eggs become infective within hours and are transmitted via the fecal-oral route.

Answer 9

12. Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

Question 10

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Humans ingest larvae from undercooked fish, frogs, or eels.
  • Larvae migrate through tissues (cutaneous and visceral larva migrans).
  • No adult worms develop in humans.

Answer 10

13. Gnathostoma spinigerum

Question 11

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Humans ingest larvae from contaminated snails, slugs, or produce.
  • Larvae migrate to the brain, causing eosinophilic meningitis.

Answer 11

14. Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Rat Lungworm)

Question 12

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Transmitted by mosquito bites.
  • Larvae migrate to lymphatic vessels, causing filariasis.
  • Microfilariae circulate in the bloodstream.

Answer 12

15 & 16. Wuchereria bancrofti / Brugia malayi

Question 13

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Transmitted by deer flies.
  • Larvae migrate through subcutaneous tissues and the eye.
  • Microfilariae circulate in the blood.

Answer 13

17. Loa loa (African Eye Worm)

Question 14

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Transmitted by blackfly bites.
  • Larvae develop into adults in subcutaneous nodules, causing onchocerciasis (river blindness).
  • Microfilariae migrate to the skin and eyes.

Answer 14

18. Onchocerca volvulus

Question 15

• Life Cycle:
  
  • Transmitted by biting midges.
  • Microfilariae circulate in the blood or skin.

Answer 15

19, 20 & 21. Mansonella spp. (M. perstans, M. streptocerca, M. ozzardi)