Cytotoxic Drugs

Question 1

Alkylating Agent
- MOA

Answer 1

Form covalent bonds with DNA preventing DNA replication

Result: Effective against highly proliferative cells

Question 2

Alkylating Agent
- Adverse Effects

Answer 2

• Impaired Wound Healing
• Bone Marrow Toxicity (Decreased leukocyte production)
  –> Lower resistance to infection)
• Alopecia
• Slows growth
• Sterility
• Teratogenicity
• Carcinogenicity

Summary: Decreased Cell Proliferation

Question 3

Antimetabolites
- General MOA

Answer 3

Block or subvert pathways of DNA synthesis

Question 4

Folate Antagonists
- MOA

Answer 4

Methotrexate
- Prevents the synthesis of purines and thymidylate needed for DNA synthesis

Question 5

Fluorouracil
- MOA

Answer 5

Uracil Analogue
1. Converted into Fluorodeoxyuridine Monophosphate
2. Inhibits Thymidylate Synthase
3. Increases dUMP levels
4. DNA damage

Question 6

Cytarabine
- MOA

Answer 6

Inhibits DNA Polymerase
- Prevents DNA synthesis

Question 7

Antimetabolites
- Adverse Effects

Answer 7

• Bone Marrow Toxicity (Decreased Leukocyte)
  –> Decreased resistance to infection
• Damage GI tract epithelium

Question 8

Cytotoxic Antibiotic
- MOA

Answer 8

Mechanistrically inhibits topoisomerase II
- Induces the Tumour Suppressor Protein P53

Question 9

Cytotoxic Antibiotic
- Adverse Effects

Answer 9

• Cardiotoxicity (Irreversible)
  –> We’re only born with a limited amount of heart cells (Or they replicate too slowly)
• Alopecia (Reversible)

Question 10

p53 Effects

Answer 10

Senescence
Angiogenesis
Autophagy
Cell Cycle Arrest
Migration
Apoptosis
DNA Repair
Metabolism

Question 11

p53 Triggers

Answer 11

Oxidative Stress
Nutrient Deprivation
Hypoxia
DNA Damage
Oncogene Expression
Ribosomal Dysfunction
Telomere Attrition