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PHARM 243 (Final) > Bacterial Protein Synthesis Agents > Flashcards

Bacterial Protein Synthesis Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Tetracycline
- Characteristics

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Target Gram Positive and Gram Negative
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2
Q

Tetracycline
- MOA

A
  • Bind reversibly to 16S subunit of 30S ribosomal subunit
    –> Inhibits translation
  • Taken up by susceptible organisms through active transport to inhibit protein synthesis
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3
Q

Tetracycline
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Staining of teeth and Dental Hypoplasia
  • Bone Deformities
  • Expired Tetracycline becomes very toxic
    –> Becomes Anhydride Tetracycline (Nephrotoxic)
  • Contraindicated in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children
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4
Q

Aminoglycosides
- Characteristics

A
  • Bacteriostatic/Bactericidal
  • Target Gram-Negative
  • Need oxygen to get inside bacteria
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5
Q

Aminoglycosides
- MOA

A
  • Bind irreversibly to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit protein synthesis
  • As cationic molecules they create pores in the outer membrane causing leakage of cell contents and allowing more antibiotics to get in
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6
Q

Aminoglycosides
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Rare Neuromuscular Block (Causes paralysis)
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7
Q

Macrolides
- Characteristics

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Similar to Penicillin (Safe alternative)
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8
Q

Macrolides
- MOA

A

Bind 23S rRNA molecule on the 50S ribosomal subunit
- Inhibits peptidyl transferase
–> Prevents transfer of amino acids onto growing peptide chain

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9
Q

Macrolides
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Cholestatic Jaundice (Treatment >2 weeks)
  • Significantly Inhibits CYP450 (Erythromycin and Clarithromycin)
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10
Q

Chloramphenicol
- Characteristics

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Targets Gram-negative and Gram-positive
  • Reserved for serious infections Meningitis
    –> When penicillin can not be used
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11
Q

Chloramphenicol
- MOA

A

Binds to 23S rRNA molecules on the 50S subunit inhibiting peptidyl transferase
- Blocks transfer of amino acids onto growing peptide chain

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Depression in bone marrow
    –> Pancytopenia (Low RBC,WBC,Platelets)
  • Grey Baby Syndrome
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13
Q

Oxazolidinone
- Characteristics

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Targets Gram-positive and Drug resistant bacteria like MRSA
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14
Q

Oxazolidinone
- MOA

A

Binding 70S ribosome to antagonize N-formylmethionyl-tRNA
- Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

Weak MAO inhibitor

100% Oral Bioavailability

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15
Q

Oxazolidinone
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Serotonin Syndrome (Do not use with SSRIs)
  • Hyperlactatemia (Inhibits mitochondria 17s protein synthesis)
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16
Q

Fusidic Acid
- Characteristic

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Steroid Antibiotic
  • Targets Gram-positive
17
Q

Fusidic Acid
- MOA

A

Interferes with translation
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

18
Q

Fusidic Acid
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Jaundice
19
Q

Streptogramins
- Characteristics

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Targets Gram-positive Bacteria
  • Cyclic Peptide
  • Combination antibiotic (Quinupristin/Dalfopristin)
    –> Dalfopristin promotes binding of QUinupristin
20
Q

Streptogramins
- MOA

A

Binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

21
Q

Streptogramins
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Arthralgia (Joint aches)
  • Myalgia (Muscle aches)
22
Q

Clindamycin
- Characteristics

A
  • Bactericidal
  • Same MOA as Macrolide and Chloramphenicol
23
Q

Clindamycin
- MOA

A

Binds to 23S on the 50S ribosomal subunit to inhibit peptidyl transferase
- Prevents transfer of amino acids on growing peptide chain

24
Q

Clindamycin
- Adverse Effects

A

Potentially lethal pseudomembranous colitis (Toxin-forming C. difficile)

25
Q

Quinolones
- Characteristics

A
  • Bactericidal
  • Targets both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
  • Very stable, can survive in the environment leading to bacteria resistance
26
Q

Quinolones
- MOA

A

Gram Positive:
Inhibits topoisomerase II (Bacterial DNA gyrase)
- Prevents negative supercoiling of DNA by DNA gyrase
–> Needed to allow transcription/replication

Gram Negative
Inhibits topoisomerase IV
- Prevents topoisomerase IV mediated decatenation (unlinking) of daughter DNA molecules

27
Q

Quinolones
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Arthropathy
  • Convulsions (Exacerbated If used with theophylline)

PHARM 243 (Final) (5 decks)

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