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8- Foundation Year Malignancy > cytotoxic drug classes > Flashcards

cytotoxic drug classes Flashcards

1
Q

what are cytotoxic antibiotics?

A

-antibiotics that are radiomimetics
-avoid concomitant radiotherapy as it can be toxic

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2
Q

what are some examples of cytotoxic antibiotics?

A

-anthracyclines
-antineoplastic antibiotics

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3
Q

what are some examples of anthracyclines and their side effects?

A

-doxorubicin (excreted in bile- reduce dsoe if high bilirubin)
-epirubicin
-idarubicin
-daunorubicin

side effects:
¬cardiotoxicity (dose related; higher risk if given with herceptin)
¬red urine

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4
Q

what type of doxorubicin can be used to reduce incidences of cardiotoxicity and extravasation?

A

-liposomal formulations

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5
Q

what can liposomal formulations also cause?

A

hand and foot syndrome
-macular, red skin eruptions
-prevention: cool hands and feet and avoid and gloves for 4-7 days after treatment

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6
Q

what is some treatment given for anthracycline-induced side effects, extravasation and overdose?

A

-dexrazoxane is given

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7
Q

what is an example of a antieoplastic antibiotics?

A

bleomycin

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8
Q

what are some side effects of antineoplastic antibiotics?

A

-pulmonary fibrosis= basal lung crepitations
-respiratory failure in anaesthesia
-hypersensitivity= chills and fever, prevention use IV hydrocortisone
-dermatological toxicity= hyperpigmentation, sclerotic plaques

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9
Q

what are some examples of vinca alkaloids?

A

-vincristine
-vinblastine
-vindesine
-vinflunine
-vinorelbine

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10
Q

what route can vinca alkaloids be given in?

A

only intravenous, never intrathecally= fatal neurotoxicity

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11
Q

what are some side effects of vinca alkaloids?

A

CNS toxicity (peripheral/autonomic neuropathy)

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12
Q

what are some examples of some antimetabolites?

A

-methotrexate
-capecitabine (pro-drug of 5-FU)
-fluorouracil (5-FU)

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13
Q

what are some side effects of antimetabolites?

A

-oral mucositis
-myelosuppression

folinic acid speeds up recovery in MTX side effects and overdose

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14
Q

what are some examples of alkylyting drugs?

A

-cyclophosphamide (causes urothelial toxocity)
-carmustine
-lomustine
-mephalan
-chlorambucil
-ifosfamide

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15
Q

what are some side effects of alkylyting drugs?

A

-permanent male sterility
-non-lymphocytic leukaemia

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16
Q

what are some examples of aromatsae inhibitors?

A

-anastrazole
-letrozolew

17
Q

who shouldn’t use aromatsae inhibitors?

A

not for premenopausal women
aromatsae inhibitors are anti-oestrogens

18
Q

what is an example of taxanes?
paclitaxe

A

aromatsae inhibitors

19
Q

what are some side effects of taxanes?

A

cardiac disease
pneumonitis
sepsis

8- Foundation Year Malignancy (4 decks)

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