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Cell > Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement Flashcards

1
Q

cytoskeletal elements

A

intermediate filaments, microtubules, actin filaments

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2
Q

Main functions microtubules

A

internal framework for organization
signal transducer
component of division machinery
movement

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3
Q

Nuclear Lamina and IF

A

IF underlies and strengthens NL

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4
Q

IF structure

A

ropelike subunits, twisted

Nterminal globular head, C-terminal golbular tail, central long rod domain

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5
Q

IF unit organization

A

dimers (rope)

tetramers (dimers to form chain

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6
Q

IF classes

A

cytoplasmic and nuclear

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7
Q

IF nuclear

A

Lamins: nucleus

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8
Q

IF cytoplasmic

A

keratins: epithelial
desmin, vimetin: muscle, glial, mesenchymal
neurofiliaments, nestin: neurons

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9
Q

Keratins

A 
diverse class of IF
K1-K86
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10
Q

Lamins

A

2D mesh of IF underside nuclear mem

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11
Q

Lamin control

A

protein kinases phosphorylate to (des)contruir

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12
Q

IF accessories

A

link to proteins, microtubules, actin, adhesives

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13
Q

Plectin

A

bundles vimetin (containing IF)

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14
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex

A

bad Keratin mech injury prone

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15
Q

Microtubules overview

A

organizing, dis/reassemble, pathways for transport

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16
Q

Microtubules structure

A

alpha and beta tubulin (-.+)

polarity crucial

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17
Q

centrosome

A

microtubule organizing center
two centrioles in pericentriolar material
centrioles perpendicular to each other

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18
Q

gama tubulin ring

A

on the centrosome

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19
Q

growth of tubulin (microtubules)

A

GTP regulated

GTP bound bonds

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20
Q

GTP capping protein

A

keeps microtubules intack

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21
Q

Motor proteins

A

use ATP to travel microtubules or actin filaments

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22
Q

Cytoplasmic microtubule motor proteins

A

Kinesins

Dyneins (drag it back)

23
Q

Colchicine treatment

A

disassembles microtubules

24
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

microtubules c dynein

25
Q

Axoneme

A

central strand of flagellum

Nexin bt outer doublets with radial spokes

26
Q

Taxol

A

binds and stabilizes microtubules

27
Q

Colchicine, colcemid, Vinblastine, vincristine

A

binds subunits and prevents polymerization

28
Q

Microfilaments

A

Actin filaments

29
Q

Actin

A

two stranded chains of protein actin

30
Q

Alto [] Actin

A

cell cortex

31
Q

Actin function

32
Q

Actin structure

A 
globular actin (G-actin) polymerizes to F-Actin
Polar
33
Q

Actin building

A

ATP, added to plus; subtracted from -

34
Q

Nucleating proteins

A

actin; provide template

35
Q

Monomer sequestering proteins

A

prevent actin polymerization

36
Q

Monomer polymerizing proteins

A

promote growth of actin filaments

37
Q

Actin filament depolymerizing proteins

A

bind actin ADP for high turnover

38
Q

cross-linking proteins

A

change 3D structure actin

39
Q

Filament severing prot

A

shorten filaments and decrease viscosity cytoplasm

40
Q

Membrane binding prot

A

link contractile proteins to mem

41
Q

Motor proteins

A

assoc to form contractile bundles (as in muscle cells)

42
Q

Actin and Myosin

A

bind to form contractile structures (muscle cells)

43
Q

actin dependent motor proteins

A 
myosin family, ATP
motor domain (head); tail domains divergent
44
Q

2 Groups of actin dependent motor proteins

A 
Unconventional myosins (17 classes)
type II myosins (in muscle tissue)
45
Q

pushing forward of cell surface

A

actin polymerization

46
Q

Lamellipodia

A

thin sheetlike dense actin close to membrane

47
Q

Filopodia

A

thin stiff protrusions 10-20 actin filaments

+ end out

48
Q

Actin related proteins (ARPs)

A

form side branches off of filaments

49
Q

Formins

A

promote growth on actin filiaments in Filopodia

50
Q

Microvilli and Actin

A

have a structural function, cross linked by Actin bundling proteins

51
Q

Cytochalasins

A

prevent actin polymerization

52
Q

Phalloidin

A

stabilize actin filaments

53
Q

MTOC’s

A

microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) to intermediate filaments (IFs) enables their localization to the apical domain

Cell (2 decks)

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