Intracellular Organels

Question 1

Cytoplasmic structures

Answer 1

Nucleus, plasma membrane (signaling), cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions (lipid droplets and glycogen granules)

Question 2

Compartmentalization

Answer 2

Protects cell and creates micro environment

Question 3

Have own transport system

Answer 3

Peroxisomes, mitochondria

Question 4

Genetics of mitochondria

Answer 4

dsDNA transc and trans with ribosomes

Question 5

Mitochondria functions

Answer 5

Heme biosynthesis
Met fatty acids
Redox state
Ca homeostasis
PCD

Question 6

Mitochondria outer membrane

Answer 6

Freely permeable; aqueous channel through protein porin

Question 7

MIT outer mem

Answer 7

Impermeable; cristae (prominent in metabolic active cells); oxidative reactions

Question 8

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

Converts high energy e NADH into ATP (high phosphate bonds)

Question 9

MERRF

Answer 9

Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fiber disease; mutation in tRNA genes that lead to reduction in ATP synthesis

Question 10

dsDNA

Answer 10

28 on heavy, 9 on light; 2rRNA, 22tRNA Codon wobble

Question 11

Leber’s syndrome

Answer 11

Single point mutation - optic neuropathy

Question 12

Kearns-Sayre

Answer 12

Paralysis of eye muscles and retina degeneration

Question 13

Pearsons syndrome

Answer 13

Pancreas bone marrow dysfunctions

Question 14

Peroxisomes

Answer 14

single membrane, internal matrix, outerlipid bilayers

oxidize cellular lipids (purines, uric acid)

Question 15

Biosynthesis of choleterol, bile acids, lipids

Answer 15

Peroxisomes

Question 16

Zellweger’s syndrome and X-linked adrenolydodystraphy

Answer 16

Perosisomes

Question 17

ER

Answer 17

continuous with nuclear mem

Question 18

Synthesis of lipids

Answer 18

ER

Question 19

SER

Answer 19

G6P to release glucose from glycogen

Calcium storage, drug detox

Question 20

synthesis of phospholipids, ceramides, and sterols, cholesterol synthesis

Answer 20

SER

Question 21

RER

Answer 21

secretory and memb proteins first pass

Question 22

Glycosylation, folding of prot, quality control

Answer 22

RER

Question 23

Degradation of proteins in cytosol

Answer 23

RER (involves ubiquitin)

Question 24

chaperon proteins

Answer 24

lumen of ER

Question 25

ER to Golgi

Answer 25

coat protein COPII with Sar1, Sec12, Sex23/Sec24

Question 26

v-SNARE, t-SNARE, and Rab

Answer 26

regulate fission bt ER to Golgi

Question 27

Near nucleus

Answer 27

Golgi

Question 28

Entry face

Answer 28

cis

Question 29

Post-translatino modifications

Answer 29

Golgi

Question 30

constitutive pathway

Answer 30

supplies proteins etc to plasma mem; no particular signaling pathway

Question 31

regulated exocytosis pathway

Answer 31

cells specializing in secretion; signal hormones

Question 32

Lysosomes

Answer 32

intracellular digestion

Question 33

membranous sacs of hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 33

lysosome

Question 34

H+ pump to maintain low pH

Answer 34

lysosome

Question 35

obtain nutrients and defense against microbes

Answer 35

lysosome

Question 36

Tay-sachs

Answer 36

defetct in alpha hexosaminidase; accumulation of glycosphingolipid ganglioside

Question 37

Gaucher’s disease

Answer 37

adult onset lysosoal; glucosylceramide lipidosis

Question 38

Hunler and Hunter syndrome

Answer 38

lysosome; accumulation of glycosaminoglycans

Question 39

ribosomes

Answer 39

1 large (60s) and 1 smalle (40s)

Question 40

small unit

Answer 40

binds tRNA then 5’ of mRNA

Question 41

translocation

Answer 41

adding of amino acids

Question 42

Polysome

Answer 42

single mRNA translated by many ribosomes