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Cells > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoskeleton structure and function

A

It is a complex array of microtubules actin and intermediate filaments

Functions

  • Provide structural support to cells
  • Stabilize junctions between cells
  • help move and place organelles and vesicles throughout the cells
  • Help move and separate chromosomes during cell division
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2
Q

Microtubule structure and function

A

-hollow rigid tube of walls made of 13 protofilaments

Functions

  • move cilia and flagellum
  • maintains cell shape
  • movement and placement of organelles and vesicles
  • move and separate chromosomes during cell division
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3
Q

Microtubule monomers, subunit , stability, polarity and general location

A
  • alpha and beta tubulin
  • heterodimer ab tubulin
  • dynamic in cytoplasm and stable in axenome
  • has positive end and negative end ( at centrosome )
  • found at centrosome ( near nucleus ) and radiate throughout cytoplasm
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4
Q

Microtubule formation

A

The 2 subunits polymerize to form the heterodimer which align towards the +ve direction forming protofilaments
-13 protofilaments align side by side in a spiral manner forming a microtubule

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5
Q

Microtubule organizing centers structure and function

A

Function.

  • directs number of tubules formed
  • location of tubules
  • length of tubule

Structure

  • complex structure of gamma tubulin rings ( nucleating site )from which microtubules radiate.
  • has centrioles in the middle ( perpendicular 9 triplets )
  • high conc of tubulins
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6
Q

Where does energy for tubulin formation come from

A

-GTP bound to incoming tubulin

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7
Q

Movement along microtubule and proteins

A
  • kinesins ( away from MTOC)

- Dynenins ( towards MTOC )

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton structure and function

A

It is a complex array of microtubules actin and intermediate filaments

Functions

  • Provide structural support to cells
  • Stabilize junctions between cells
  • help move and place organelles and vesicles throughout the cells
  • Help move and separate chromosomes during cell division
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9
Q

Microtubule structure and function

A

-hollow rigid tube of walls made of 13 protofilaments

Functions

  • move cilia and flagellum
  • maintains cell shape
  • movement and placement of organelles and vesicles
  • move and separate chromosomes during cell division
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10
Q

Microtubule monomers, subunit , stability, polarity and general location

A
  • alpha and beta tubulin
  • heterodimer ab tubulin
  • dynamic in cytoplasm and stable in axenome
  • has positive end and negative end ( at centrosome )
  • found at centrosome ( near nucleus ) and radiate throughout cytoplasm
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11
Q

Actin filaments structure and functions

A

-double strands of intertwined f-actin filaments

  • change cell shape ( during endocytosis )
  • contracts cells ( cell crawling ie movement )
  • move and place organelles and vesicles
  • make microvilli. Ie aids in absorption
  • makes contractile rings along with myosin proteins which produces 2 cells via cytokinesis
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12
Q

Actin monomers, subunits, polarity and general location and relative stability

A
  • globular g-actin proteins
  • filament of f-actin
  • has positive ( barbed ) and negative end
  • found under membrane in cell cortex
  • dynamic
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13
Q

Formation of actin

A
  • in preexsisting f-actin, g-actin is added to +ve end in the presence of Mg2+ or K+ ions into the double stranded helix
  • in new filaments. Pools of g-actin are polymerized by nucleating proteins ( forminin )
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14
Q

Treadmilling of actin and its outcome

A
  • rapid assembly and disassembly of g-actin at positive and negative ends
  • subunits move through actin
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15
Q

Movement and proteins

A
  • moves via myosin filaments
  • myosin 1 and 2 Towards barbed end along actin
  • myosin 6 retrograde
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16
Q

F-actin, linking proteins and structure formed

A

:ARp 2/3 - cross link actin
:Spectrin - anchor actin to membrane
:villin / fimbrin / a-actinini- bundles of parallel filaments
:cap z - cap stable filaments

17
Q

Intermediate filaments monomers, subunits, struture , stability, polarity and location

A
  • a helical rod like protein
  • protofibril : tetramer of 2 antiparallel dimers
  • 8 protofibrils( each with a tetramer ) coiled in a rope like manner
  • stable
  • not polar
  • throughout cytoplasm at junctions and in nucleus and nuclear lamina
18
Q

Intermediate filament function

A
  • strengthen cell tissue

- Maintain nuclear shape

19
Q

Intermediate filaments protein subunits and were found

A 
1 cytokeratin - epithelial 
2 desmin / synemin -muscle cells 
3 GFAP - astrocytes
4 nuerofilament - neurons 
5 lamins - nuclear lamina
6 vimentin - mesenchymal cells
20
Q

Keratinization and function.

A

In outer skin epithelia cytokeratins accumulate during differentiation to produce outer layer of non-living cells

  • reduce water loss
  • protects against minor abrasions

Cells (11 decks)

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