Body Fluid Compartments

Question 1

List proportions of fluids in body compartments

Answer 1

2/3 in intracellular fluid

1/3 extracellular fluid

• 80% interstitial space
• 20 % plasma

Question 2

List the 3 body compartments for fluid storage

Answer 2

1 intracellular space
2 interstitial space
3 plasma

Question 3

Which 2 barriers separate body fluid compartments

Answer 3

1 plasma membrane - cell and interstitial space

2 endothelial- interstitial space and plasma

Question 4

What is fluid balance

Answer 4

• state where all compartments have fluids and salts in correct proportions

Question 5

What is an electrolyte , how it’s formed and function

Answer 5

-inorganic substances that are formed when their ions dissolve and dissociate in fluids

1 Maintain acid-base balance
2 cofactors
3 control osmosis between compartments
4 set up membrane potentials and play a part in nerve impulses propagation

Question 6

4 ways in which fluids are exchanged between compartments

Answer 6

1 osmosis
2 diffusion
3 absorption
4 filtration

Question 7

Diff between dilute and concentrated urine from kidneys

Answer 7

-dilute urine has more water

Question 8

Ways in which the body can gain water and the amounts

Answer 8

1 from food and ingesting liquid ( 2300ml / day )

2 metabolic reactions which release water ( 200ml / day )

Question 9

Ways in which the body can lose water and the amounts per day

Answer 9

1 kidneys ( 1500 mL/ day )
2 egestion ( 100
3 evaporation from skin ( 600
4 exhalation from lungs ( 300

Question 10

What is dehydration

Answer 10

-when water loss is greater than water gain

Question 11

Describe mechanisms for water gain

Answer 11

• if dehydrated
  1 deceased saliva flow leads to dry mouth and pharynx
• increased blood osmolality wc stimulate osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
  -decreased blood volume , decreased blood pressure , increased renin release by juxta glomerular cells of kidney , increased angiotensin 2 formation
  2 all stimulate hypothalamus thirst center
  3 increased thirst
  4 increased water intake
  5 water levels back to normal and stimuli stops

Question 12

What does extent of salt and water loss determine

Answer 12

1 body fluid volume

2 body fluid osmolality

Question 13

3 hormones which regulate renal absorption of Na and Cl and what they do

Answer 13

1 angiotensin 2 and aldosterone- promote urinary reabsortion of salts and water when dehydrated

2 ANP - atrial natriuietic peptide wc promote natriuresis ( excretion salts in water )

3 ADH ( major ) vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone - made by hypothalamus stop excess release of water and salt through urine

Question 14

Effects of increased interstitial and intracellular osmolality

And the major cause

Answer 14

• water moves out of cell into interstitial space and cel shrinks m
• water moves into cells from interstitial space and cell swells

/changes in Na+ concentration

Question 15

What is water intoxication

Answer 15

-rate of water intake greater than what the body can expel

Question 16

What does excessive water loss coupled with intake of plain water lead to

Answer 16

/excessive bleeding , sweating and blood loss decrease salt conc ( Na+ )in plasma and interstitial fluid ( hyponatremia )

• intake of plain water reduces osmolality of plasma and interstitial space
• water moves into cells , swelling ( water intoxicated cells )
• convulsions , coma , death

Question 17

Purpose of high conc of protein anions in plasma

Answer 17

/responsible for blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 18

Diff of intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments

Answer 18

• abundant in K ions and phosphate anions

- abundant in Na and Cl ions

Question 19

Sodium location and function

Answer 19

• ecm
• most abundant cation ( 90% )
• maintains compartment osmolality
• transmission of impulses

Question 20

Chloride location and Function

Why does it move easily between compartments

Answer 20

-ecm
/most abundant anion
-forming gastric acid
-balances anion conc between compartments ( RBC chloride shift )

Most cells have chloride channels and transports

Question 21

Potassium location and function

Answer 21

• intracellular
• sets up resting cell potential
• regulate pH
• maintain intracellular fluid volume

Question 22

Location and function of bi carbonate , where high and low and why

Answer 22

• ecm
• 2nd most prevalent
• higher in systematic capillaries due to CO2 binding with water to form it
• low In pulmonary capillaries as CO2 is released
• buffer in blood
• transport of CO2

Question 23

Calcium location and function

Answer 23

• most abundant mineral in body found in bone ( 98% )
• mainly ecm cation
• aids in neurotransmissions , bone formation and muscle contraction

Question 24

Phosphate anions location and function

Answer 24

• intracellular and in bone
• bone and teeth formation
• buffer in urine and fluids

Question 25

Magnesium location and function

Answer 25

• 54% in bone and teeth
• 45% in intra and 1% ecm
• cofactors , maintain normal muscle functioning

Question 26

Describe chloride shift

Answer 26

• RBC exchange anions using band 3 protein
• increases in intracellular H2CO3 ( due to CO2 absorption )leads to Cl- intake and bicarbonate releases
• at pulmonary capillaries CO2 released as well as H+ ions to shift equation to form CO2 from bicarbonate and decrease in intracellular bicarbonate leads to increase of Cl

-allow plasma to be storage site for bicarbonate without changing electrical charge of plasma or RBC