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Molecular Bio Test 2 > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

list the proteins of cytoskeleton from dynamic to least dynamic

A

Actin –> microtubules –> intermediate filaments

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2
Q

intermediate filament is the place that

A

the place that cell terminates

stronger, so resistant to mechanical stress

fuses tight spot wells in desmosomes

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3
Q

actin

A

necessary for locomotion, secretion, endocytosis

movement of cell

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4
Q

microtubules

A

determines position of organelles and direct intracellular/cargo transport

tracks for protein transport

tubulin,

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5
Q

protofilaments bundle together to

A

create more stable structure

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6
Q

filament with place it terminates:

intermediate filament

A

attached to desmosomes

hemidesmosomes

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7
Q

microvilli are which filament

A

actin

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8
Q

which filament uses a dimer

A

microtubules (tubuilin)

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9
Q

which filament uses a monomer?

A

actin

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10
Q

stable cell surface protrusion is formed by which filaments?

A

actin

via microvillus

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11
Q

polymerization

A

assembly of actin/tubulin submits into polymer

require active form (T-from)

T form– ATP bound D form- ADP bound

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12
Q

depolymerization

A

removal of monomer at ends of polymer

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13
Q

nucleation

A

vital step in cytoskeletal construction

movement of protofilaments to nucleus/aggregation of filament

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14
Q

what is the rate limiting step in cytoskeletal construction?

A

nucleation

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15
Q

treadmilling is associated with which filament?

A

actin

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16
Q

elongation

A

quick addition the ends of nucleated filaments

growth pahse

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17
Q

treadmilling

A

actin filaments

growth at the plus end of actin, shrinking at minus end

maintains constant length

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18
Q

dynamic instability is associated with which filament

A

tubulin of microtubules

aka catastrophe

occurs when the filament shrinks faster than addition of new

loss of cap and microtubule shrinks

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19
Q

what rescues catastrophe?

A

GTP subunits added at shrinking end and cap reforms

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20
Q

tubulin

A

heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin

makes up microtubules

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21
Q

actin

A

monomer with binding sites for ATP

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22
Q

polarity of filaments

A

two distinct and dynamic ends

Plus and minus

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23
Q

plus end

A

fast growing/shrinking end

subunit addition occurs here

found in t form (active)

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24
Q

minus end

A

slow growing, pointed end

subunits are removed

found in d form (inactive)

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25
steps in intermediate filament construction
NO nucleotide binding site and no polarity monomer forms coiled dimer with another monomer = dimer dimer finds another dimer, combines in antiparallel to ge tetramer tetramer finds another tetramer to get 8 parallel tetramerrs
26
subunits of actin
formin thymosin profilin ARP complex
27
formin
nucleates assembly of actin remains associated with growing plus end
28
thymosin
binds to actin subunits PREVENTS assembly
29
profillin
binds to subunits of actin SPEEDS elongation/assembly
30
ARP complex (simple)
nucleates actin, assembly to form a web remains associated with minus end
31
actin filaments
coffin gelsolin capping protein tropomyosin
32
cofilin
binds ADP actin filaments accelerates disassembly of actin
33
gesolin
severs actin filaments and binds to plus end
34
capping protein
prevents assembly and disassembly at plus end
35
tropomyosin
stabilizes filament
36
actin filament accessory proteins that function in bundling, cross linking, attachment to membranes
fimbrin, alpha actinin, filamin, spectrin, ERM family
37
monomer of an intermediate filament is...
an intermediate filament
38
monomer of an actin filament is...
G-actin
39
monomer of microtubules
a- and b-tubules
40
Tubulin dimers
staminin y-TuRC TIPS
41
staminin
binds subunits, prevents assembly
42
y-TuRC (general)
nucleates assembly and remains associated with minus end
43
TIPS
plus end tracking proteins remain associated with growing plus ends, can link them to other structures
44
filament cross-linking
tau and map 2 | plectin
45
tau and map 2
cause binding of microtubules
46
plectin
cross linking proteins links microtubule to intermediate filament
47
kinesin 13
enhances catastrophic disassembly at plus end
48
Katanin
severs microtubules
49
MAPS
stabilizes tubules by binding to sides
50
XMAP215
microtubule association protein stabilizes plus ends accelerates assembly
51
formation of the webs (actin)
ARP
52
which part of the actin does ARP nucleate?
minus end, so growth is at plus end if proper activating factor, monomers can skip rate limiting step of nucleation
53
ARP works best when...
bound to side of preexisting filament cross linked
54
forming nucleate best what type...
unbranched
55
forming works at which end
plus
56
what keeps actin monomers soluble in locked state
thymosin
57
what does thymosin compete with?
profilin recruits them there binds to actin, recruits more monomer and leaves due to conformational change
58
stabilization of the actin is done by
tropomyosin keeps it from binding with other filaments can also protect from cofilin
59
disassembly of actin is controlled by
coffin binds to ADP actin filaments finds older one
60
alpha actinin v. fimbrin
a-actinin cross links into LOOSE bundles, myosin II fimbrin cross links into TIGHT bundles, no myosin II they exclude each other
61
what stabilizes tubulin agains disassembly?
MAPs
62
MAP v. Tau
map has LONG projecting domain tau has SHORT
63
3 activities of crawling (moving)
1. polarization and protrusion (actin structures pushed to front) 2. adhesion and traction (adhere to ECM and create traction sites) 3. retraction (disassembly of adhesion)
64
3 protrusions in plasma membrane
filopodia lamellipodia pseudopodia
65
filopodia
1 dimensional fibroblasts microspikes core of long bundled actin filaments
66
lamellipodia
epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons 2D, sheet cross linked actin unidirectional tread milling
67
pesudoposida
amoeba and neutrophils 3D projections filled with gel
68
what controls movement of actin?
chemotaxis presence of peptides
69
Rho GTP Ases
molecular switch to control cell process cycles between active GTP and inactive GDP
70
steps of chemotaxis
1. GPCR activates PIP3 2. PIP3 activates Rac and Rho 3. Rac goes to front, activates ARP and lamellipodia protrusion 4. G12/13 stimulates Rho simultaneously 5. Rho works at back

Molecular Bio Test 2 (6 decks)

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