Cytoplasm Flashcards
What is a cytoplasm?
Includes all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus; it consists of cytosol and organelles.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of several kinds of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm; they provide a structural framework for the cell and generate movements.
What are ribosomes?
Ribosomes, composed of ribosomal RNA und ribosomal proteins, consist of two subunits and are the sites of protein synthesis
What is endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of membranes that extends from the nuclear envelope throughout the cytoplasm. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes. Proteins synthesised on the ribosomes enter the ER for processing and sorting The ER is also where glycoproteins and phospholipids form
What is rough ER in endoplasmic reticulum?
Studded with ribosomes to synthesize protests embedded in membranes
What is smooth ER in endoplasmic reticulum?
Involved in calcium regulation, lipid synthesis and detoxification
What is the Golgi complex?
Consists of flattered sacs called stern’s that receive proteins synthesised in the rough ER. Within the Golgi systems the proteins are modified, sorted and packaged into vesicles for transport to different destinations
What does the Golgi complex do?
Modifies proteins
Forms secretary vesicles
What is the mitochondria?
Consists of a smooth outer membrane, an inner membrane containing folds called mitochondrial Cristae, and a Elon filled cavity called the matrix. They are called “powerhouses” of the cell because they produce most of cell’s ATP
What are lysosomes?
Membrane - enclosed vesicles that contain digestive enzymes’ they function in digestion of worn-out organelles (autophagy) and even in digestion of their own cell (autolysis).
What are peroxisomes?
Similar to lysosomes but smaller. The y oxidise various organic substances
What are proteasomes?
They contain proteases that continually degrade unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins
What does the nucleus consist of?
A double nuclear envelope; nuclear pores, which control the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm; nucleoli which produce ribosomes; and genes arranged on chromosomes
What does the nucleus consist of?
A double nuclear envelope; nuclear pores, which control the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm; nucleoli which produce ribosomes; and genes arranged on chromosomes
