CYTOLOGY QUIZ COMPILATION

Question 1

the origin of species

Answer 1

charles darwin

Question 2

experiments on plant hybridization which lays out the basic theory of genetics

Answer 2

gregor mendel

Question 3

isolated nucleic acid from pus cell

Answer 3

friedrich miescher

Question 4

provided genetic material is deed located in the nucleus

Answer 4

ernst haeckel

Question 5

coined the word gene

Answer 5

wilhelm johannsen

Question 6

science of genetic linkage

Answer 6

reginald punnet and william bateson

Question 7

genes are located on the chromosomes

Answer 7

thomas hunt morgant

Question 8

demonstrated that dna is the hereditary material

Answer 8

oswald avery, colin macleod and maclyn mccarty

Question 9

determined the structure of dna molecule

Answer 9

james watson and francis crick

Question 10

showed that 3 dna bases code for one amino acid

Answer 10

marshall nirenberg

Question 11

first dna cloning

Answer 11

stanley cohen and herbert boyer

Question 12

introduced the process of sequencing the genome

Answer 12

frederick sanger

Question 13

invented polymerase chain reaction

Answer 13

kary mullis

Question 14

successfully cloned the first mammal from an adult cell

Answer 14

ian wilmut and keith campbell

Question 15

first mammal clone

Answer 15

dolly

Question 16

makes dna copies that are transmitted from cell to cell and from parent to parent

Answer 16

dna replication

Question 17

stores information in unites called genes

Answer 17

dna

Question 18

produces and rna copy of the gene

Answer 18

transcription

Question 19

a temporary copy of a gene that contains information to make a polypeptide

Answer 19

messenger rna

Question 20

produces polypeptide using the information in mrna

Answer 20

translation

Question 21

becomes part of a functional protein that contributes to an organisms traits

Answer 21

polypeptide

Question 22

the promoter functions as a recognition site for transcription factors. the transcription factors enables rna polymerase to bind to the promoter

Answer 22

initiation

Question 23

rna polymerase slides along the dna in an open complex to synthesize rna

Answer 23

elongation

Question 24

a terminator is reached that causes rna polymerase and the rna transcript to dissociate from the dna

Answer 24

termination

Question 25

catalyzes the formation of rrna

Answer 25

polymerase I

Question 26

catalyzes the formation of mrna

Answer 26

polymerase II

Question 27

catalyzes the trna formation

Answer 27

polymerase III

Question 28

T/F: rna polymerase must be able to recognize both the beginnings and the ends of genes on the dna double helix in order to initiate and terminate transcription

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

T/F: it must also be able to recognize the correct dna strand to avoid transcribing the dna strand that is not informational

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

T/F: rna polymerase accomplishes those tasks by recognizing certain start and stop signals in DNA, called initiation and termination sequences, respectively

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

site for binding of regulatory proteins and influences the rate of transcription

Answer 31

regulatory sequence

Question 32

site for rna polymerase binding and signals the beginning of transcription

Answer 32

promoter

Question 33

signals the end of transcription

Answer 33

terminator

Question 34

translation begins near this site in the mrna

Answer 34

ribosomal-binding site

Question 35

specifies the first amino acid in a polypeptide sequence

Answer 35

start codon

Question 36

first amino acid in eukaryotes

Answer 36

methionine

Question 37

3-nucleotide sequences within the mrna that specify particular amino acids

Answer 37

codon

Question 38

specifies the end of polypeptide synthesis

Answer 38

stop codon