Cytology

Question 1

Is it ok to see a few yeast during ear Cytology?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

When is an ear Cytology exam done?

Answer 2

When otitis externa is suspected

Question 3

Where do you take samples from for ear swabs?

Answer 3

Junction of vertical & horizontal canals

Question 4

Can you skip the heat fix and 1st 2 stains for ear swabs?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Yu use the oil immersion when examining under microscope. True or False.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

How many fields should you scan for ear Cytology?

Answer 6

At least 10

Question 7

What does Yeats look like?

Answer 7

Shoe shaped

Question 8

A few yeasts under 100x is mild infection 1+ or moderate 2+

Answer 8

Mild infection 1+

Question 9

A fairly even spread of yeast is mild 1 infection or moderate 2+

Answer 9

Moderate 2 +

Question 10

What colour tube is used for FNA’s

Answer 10

Purple top

Question 11

Exudates have the most proteins. True or false

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Pure transudates have little to no protein. True or false

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Modified transudates have some Yeast. True or false.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Whats the differences between artifact and non-artifact

Answer 14

Artifact

• lysis of cells
• too few cells to identify
• the preparation Is too thick to read

Non- artifact
- Roulous formation is normal in horses and abnormal in dogs & cats
Clumping of cells like platelets

Question 15

How can an FNA be non-diagnostic?

Answer 15

Too few cells

1/10 cells are ruptured due to aggressive FNA

Question 16

What’s the best smear for FNA?

Answer 16

Monolayer smear

Question 17

What’s an indicator of bacterial infection?

Answer 17

If you see bacteria in the cell with the neutrophil

Question 18

Are mast cell tumors common in dogs or cats?

Answer 18

Dogs

Question 19

What does heparin do?

Answer 19

Stops blood from clotting

Question 20

What does histamine do?

Answer 20

Causes allergic reactions like a rash

Question 21

What type of cell is a Mast cell tumour?

Answer 21

Round cell tumour

Question 22

What is Anisocytosis?

Answer 22

Malignancy.

Same type of cells but many different sizes

Question 23

Malignancy criteria:

Answer 23

Anisocytosis
Mitosis
Mitotic figures
Multiple nuclei in one cell

Question 24

What does black granules mean? And what type of cell?

Answer 24

Melanoma

Round cell tumour

Question 25

What do purple granules mean? And what type of cell?

Answer 25

Mast cell tumour.

Round cell tumour.

Question 26

What do round tumours with no granules mean? What type of cell?

Answer 26

Lymphoma.

Round cell tumor

Question 27

When we see cancer cells and lots of inflammation, is it inflamed or infected?

Answer 27

Only inflamed.

Question 28

What are mesenchymal cells?

Answer 28

Connective tissue cells
Long strands
Blue tail is the key to identity as mesenchymal cell

Question 29

What’s happening in IMHA?

Answer 29

The immune system is attacking the RBC’s

Question 30

What’s the difference between IMHA and IMA, and the scelera difference?

Answer 30

The whites of the eye will be yellow in IMHA.

PCV will tell the difference

Question 31

What is the anoestrus stage?

Answer 31

The cycle is at rest

Question 32

What is the pro-oestrus stage?

Answer 32

Follicles in ovary are starting to grow
May have blood
Not receptive to males yet

Question 33

What is the oestrus stage?

Answer 33

Dog is in heat

Receptive to Male

Question 34

What is the di-oestrus stage?

Answer 34

The lining of the uterus is re-organised for the next cycle