Cytology Flashcards
What is the glycocalyx?
glycolipid and glycoprotein coat on the external leaflet of the cellular membrane
Where is the RER?
adjacent and continuous with the nuclear envelope
What is a Barr body?
The sex chromatin seen in female neutrophil cells, located next to the nuclear in a distinct globule
How can you stain the golgi apparatus?
With silver salt or osmium
What does the primary lysosome fuse with?
Endosomes or autophagic vacuoles
What enzymes does the peroxisome contain?
Oxidase and catalase
What is the biproduct of lysosome digestion?
Lipofuscin
How do peroxisomes participate in metabolism?
The energy produced by their oxidase reactions is used for metabolic processes
What can mitochondria be stained with?
Janus Green B stain in living cells
What are the components of the cytoskeleton? Describe them.
Microfilaments: smallest structure, mainly composed of actin and myosin, associated with endocytosis, exocytosis, and cell migration.
Intermediate filaments: medium in size, provide mechanical stability via desmosomes.
Microtubules: largest structure, maintains cell form, transports vesicles and organelles, and cell division
What is the structure of the centriole?
With nine groups of three microtubules (triples)
How is glycogen stained?
With the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) reaction
How is lipid stained?
With osmic acid fixation?
Describe a tight junction.
Has anastamosing ridges used to seal cells together in a belt-like fashion. May be selectively permeable to certain substances by not water.
Describe the zonula adherens.
Holds cells together via transmembrane protein linkers and actin filaments
Describe desmosomes/macula adherens.
Links cells together via protein likers and an electron-dense plaque, they form a hairpin loop.
Describe hemidesmosomes.
Connect cells to extracellular matrix proteins (anchors them to basement membrane).
Describe gap junctions.
Interlocking transmembrane proteins used to communicate information between cells.
What is the structure of cilia?
Nine doublet microtubules around two central microtubules.
What are microvilli?
Cytoplasmic evaginations
What are stereocilia?
Long, rigid microvilli
