Cytology

Question 1

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 1

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly

Question 2

What are the two components of the nucleolus and what occurs in each?

Answer 2

Filamentous components–site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Granular components–site of ribosomal assembly

Question 3

What is the layer of proteins and polysaccharides on the plasma membrane? What is the special name of the polysaccharide layer?

Answer 3

Glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Glycocalyx

Question 4

How many layers does the nuclear envelope have? What are the characteristics of each layer?

Answer 4

Two
Outer–contiguous with ER, contains ribosomes on cytoplasmic face
Inner–interior aspect has nuclear lamina formed of intermediate filaments and polypeptides called lamins, which link inner membrane proteins and heterochromatin.

Question 5

Where do proteins made on the rough ER end up?

Answer 5

In lysosomes, exported into extra cellular space, or imbedded in the cells plasma membrane

Question 6

What are the functions of the smooth ER?

Answer 6

lipid biosynthesis (cholesterol and phospholipids–fatty acids and triglycerides are made in the cytoplasm)
In liver cells, smooth ER assists in detoxification
In muscles, smooth ER (now sarcoplasmic reticulum) stores and releases Ca++

Question 7

What are the types of cellular transport?

Answer 7

Passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
Bulk transport–exocytosis, endocytosis, pinocytosis

Question 8

Which side of Golgi is cis face? Convex or concave?

Answer 8

Convex