Cytology 2

Question 1

What are the most common elements in all living

cells are:

Answer 1

 C-carbon
 H- hydrogen
 N-nitrogen
 O-oxygen
 P-phosphorus
 S-sulfur

Question 2

The smallest particle of an element that still retains its

distinctive chemical properties is an ???

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Atoms are linked together in groups to form what?

Answer 3

molecules

Question 4

Atoms and molecules combine together via chemical

bonds:

Answer 4

Covalent bond;
Ionic bond;
Hydrogen bond;
Hydrophobic
interaction;
van-der Waals
attractions.

Question 5

What is the essential element in the respiratory processes of most of the living cells and in combustion processes.

Answer 5

Oxygen

Question 6

In each whatmolecule the two H atoms are

linked to the O atom by covalent bonds

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

When a positively charged region of one
water molecule approaches a negatively
charged region of a second water molecule, the
electrical attraction between them can result in
a weak bond called

Answer 7

Hydrogen bond

Question 8

What are much weaker than
covalent bonds, but the combined effect of
many weak bonds can be profound

Answer 8

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

What is the universal solvent
and facilitates chemical reactions
both without and within living
systems.

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

What is also solvent for larger molecules that contain ionized atoms or are polar molecules: sugar, proteins.

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

What is the only common
molecule that can be solid,
liquid, or gas according to the
environmental temperature.

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

The temperature of what rises and falls more slowly than that of most other liquids.

Answer 12

liquid water

Question 13

tends to remain a
liquid rather than change to
ice or steam in large diapason
of the temperature.

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

What boils at +1000C

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

What is High surface tension

Answer 15

It is a characteristic for water

Question 16

Salts are dissociated in water as what?

Answer 16

ions

Question 17

Among various ions, Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) and Calcium (Ca2+) are the most important for what

Answer 17

Cells

Question 18

(Iron, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium) also play vital roles for what

Answer 18

Cells

Question 19

what supports combustion, combines with most elements, and is a component of hundreds of thousands of organic compounds.

Answer 19

Oxygen

Question 20

What is colorless, odorless and tasteless diatomic gas and is a very reactive oxidizing agent.

Answer 20

Oxygen

Question 21

What is sparingly soluble in water

Answer 21

Oxygen

Question 22

What Functions as a gaseous mediator in mammals and other vertebrates, especially in the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Answer 22

Nitric oxide

Question 23

A cell is formed from what?

Answer 23

carbon compounds

Question 24

What is outstanding among all the elements in its

ability to form large molecules

Answer 24

Carbon

Question 25

The small and large carbon compounds made by cells are called

Answer 25

organic molecules

Question 26

Macromolecules of the cell:

Answer 26

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids

Question 27

What constitute most of a cell’s

dry mass

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

What is not only the cell’s building
blocks, they also carry out nearly all
the cell’s functions

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

Proteins belong to polymers, so their

monomers are what

Answer 29

Amino acids

Question 30

What is Amino acids

Answer 30

go read it in the slides and dont forget to read all slides and keep focus no breaks

Question 31

what is the sequence of the amino acids joined together by peptide bond and it is linear. The sequences is determined by the genes.

Answer 31

The primary structure of a protein