Cytology 2 Flashcards
What are the most common elements in all living
cells are:
C-carbon H- hydrogen N-nitrogen O-oxygen P-phosphorus S-sulfur
The smallest particle of an element that still retains its
distinctive chemical properties is an ???
Atom
Atoms are linked together in groups to form what?
molecules
Atoms and molecules combine together via chemical
bonds:
Covalent bond; Ionic bond; Hydrogen bond; Hydrophobic interaction; van-der Waals attractions.
What is the essential element in the respiratory processes of most of the living cells and in combustion processes.
Oxygen
In each whatmolecule the two H atoms are
linked to the O atom by covalent bonds
Water
When a positively charged region of one
water molecule approaches a negatively
charged region of a second water molecule, the
electrical attraction between them can result in
a weak bond called
Hydrogen bond
What are much weaker than
covalent bonds, but the combined effect of
many weak bonds can be profound
Hydrogen bonds
What is the universal solvent
and facilitates chemical reactions
both without and within living
systems.
Water
What is also solvent for larger molecules that contain ionized atoms or are polar molecules: sugar, proteins.
Water
What is the only common
molecule that can be solid,
liquid, or gas according to the
environmental temperature.
Water
The temperature of what rises and falls more slowly than that of most other liquids.
liquid water
tends to remain a
liquid rather than change to
ice or steam in large diapason
of the temperature.
Water
What boils at +1000C
Water
What is High surface tension
It is a characteristic for water
Salts are dissociated in water as what?
ions
Among various ions, Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) and Calcium (Ca2+) are the most important for what
Cells
(Iron, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium) also play vital roles for what
Cells
what supports combustion, combines with most elements, and is a component of hundreds of thousands of organic compounds.
Oxygen
What is colorless, odorless and tasteless diatomic gas and is a very reactive oxidizing agent.
Oxygen
What is sparingly soluble in water
Oxygen
What Functions as a gaseous mediator in mammals and other vertebrates, especially in the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
Nitric oxide
A cell is formed from what?
carbon compounds
What is outstanding among all the elements in its
ability to form large molecules
Carbon
The small and large carbon compounds made by cells are called
organic molecules
Macromolecules of the cell:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
What constitute most of a cell’s
dry mass
Proteins
What is not only the cell’s building
blocks, they also carry out nearly all
the cell’s functions
Proteins
Proteins belong to polymers, so their
monomers are what
Amino acids
What is Amino acids
go read it in the slides and dont forget to read all slides and keep focus no breaks
what is the sequence of the amino acids joined together by peptide bond and it is linear. The sequences is determined by the genes.
The primary structure of a protein
