Cytology Flashcards
-Cells with nucleus and membrane bound organelle -Multicellular (tissues made up of many cells)
Eukaryotic
-Cells without nucleus and membrane bound organelle
-Unicellular
Prokaryotic
• Outside the cell membrane
• Acts as a filtering mechanism
• Structure that provides support
• Distinguishing feature of a plant cell
• Limits the size
• Provides protection for cellular components
Cell wall
It is composed primarily of cellulose
Cell wall
This causes the rigidity in cell wall
Lignin
It is responsible for water loss
Cutin and suberin
• Fine holes in the primary cell wall
• Interconnects plant cell
• Small channels that directly the cytoplasm of neighboring
plant cells to each other
• Establish bridges between cells
• Allow certain molecules to pass directly.
Important in cellular communication
Plasmodesmata
Also called plasma membrane. Thin membrane that surrounds every living cell.
Cell membrane
Sige for cell signaling
Cell membrane
Allow only certain molecules to enter or exit the cell
Selectively permeable
Fluid portion containing the nucleus and the rest of the organelles
Cytoplasm
It is composed of water, salt, and protein
Cytoplasm
Contains the genetic material
Nucleus
Fluid portion of nucleus
Nucleoplasm
What do the fluid in nucleus contains?
Water, salt ions, and complex mixture of molecules
Forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Important in the synthesize, folding, modification and transport of proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Carries large molecule like protein
Endoplasmic reticulum
o Attached with ribosome
o Site of protein synthesis, sorting and secretion
Rough ER
o Lipid synthesis, membrane assembly
o Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis
Smooth ER
Modifies material secreted by cell (protein modification)
Dicytosome
proteins are stored, modified,
sorted and stacked into vesicles for further transport
Dicytosome
Cell respiration
Mitochondrion
• ATP synthesis
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of
eukaryotic cells
Mitochondrion
Captures light for photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Green plastid
Chloroplast
Larger than the mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Produces and degrades hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome
Site of hydrogen peroxide or other harmful molecules are broken down
Contains water and salt
Vacuole
Storage area for nutrients, accumulation of toxic substance, storage bubbles found in cells
Vacuole
Needle like crystals
Raphides
What is raphide composed of?
Calcium oxalate
Knife like crystal
Styloid
What is styloid composed of?
Calcium oxalate
A flower like crystal
Rosette
What is rosette composed of?
Calcium oxalate
Broken glass like crystal
Prismatic
What is prismatic made of?
Calcium oxalate
Grape like crystals
Cystolith
What is cystolith composed of?
Calcium carbonate
are double-membrane organelle which are found in the cells of plants and algae
Plastid
are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food. This often contains pigments that are used for photosynthesis and can change the color of a cell
Plastids
for pigment synthesis and storage in
specific photosynthetic eukaryotes. Contribute to bright red, orange and yellow colors to many fruits. Colors are used to attract animals and act as seed dispersers
Chromoplast
produces and store starch within internal membrane compartments
Amyloplast
leucoplasts that are primarily involved in storing fats or lipids inside fat droplets
Elaioplast
