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CMOD Week 3 > Cytokines/Receptors/Chemokines > Flashcards

Cytokines/Receptors/Chemokines Flashcards

1
Q

IL-7

A

B cell growth factor produced by bone marrow stream cells during development. No IL-7= normal no. of B cells, but they are non-functional

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2
Q

C5a

A

Chemotactic factor for neutrophils and promotes activation of AA pathway in inflammation

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3
Q

How can C5a be produced?

A

via C5 convertase and Thrombin (think Hageman pathway)

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4
Q

CR2

A

Co-receptor on B cells that can bind C3b and when engaged amplifies the 1st activation signal to B cells (remember that the transduction of the first activation signal requires engagement of multiple BCRs so having CR2 engaged lessens the amount needed)

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5
Q

IL-8

A

Chemotactic factor for neutrophils from classical macrophages

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6
Q

IL-1

A

1) Activates fibroblasts in chronic inflammation and tissue repair
2) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria
3) Upregulates IL-6 production in the liver
4) Systemically causes fever by activating the AA pathway (specifically PGE2)

Extra: Increases insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (with TNF-a) in chronic inflammation

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7
Q

IL-12

A

1) made by macrophages and locally activates NK cells to fight viral infection
2) produced by APCs to promote differentiation of THO to TH1 (along with IFN-y)

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8
Q

CXCL8

A

made by macrophages and similar to IL-8 in acting as a neutrophil and basophil attractant

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9
Q

TNF-a

A

Made by TH1, TH2, CTLS, and macrophages

1) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria
2) Systemically induced fever (similar to IL-1)
3) when made by TH1, TH2, or CTLs induce macrophages to make NO

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10
Q

IL-6

A

Systemically induces fever by acting on hypothalamus and activates acute phase PRRS from liver (CRP, MBP, Fibrinogen, SAA protein)

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11
Q

MIC

A

upregulated in virally-stressed cells and induce degranulation of NK cells

remember expression of MHC I prevents this

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12
Q

IFN-a/B

A

Induces up regulation of MHC I on non-virally infected cells to prevent Nk activation and helps NK cells to act when appropriate

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13
Q

CD10/CD19/CD20

A

lymphoid progenitor cell surface marker that can be used to diagnosis C-ALL and B-ALL

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14
Q

CD-1

A

thymocyte surface marker used to diagnosis T-ALL

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15
Q

CD34

A

hematopoietic stem cell surface marker

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16
Q

DC-CK

A

secreted by dendritic cells as a chemotactic factor that increases the rate of MHC:peptide complex sampling from mature DCs in 2ndary lymph nodes

17
Q

IL-2

A

secreted by activated naive T cells and CTLs in order to promote clonal expansion of the cell and by TH1s to help activate macrophages to help activate CTLs

18
Q

CD25

A

high affinity IL-2 receptor expressed by T cells once they are activated by B cells to promote clonal expansion

19
Q

IFN-y

A

produced by TH1 and CTL (think intracellular), NK cells, and yD T cells (?)

1) classically activates macrophages to up regulate B7 expression to activate CD8 T cells
2) promotes TH1 differentiation with IL-12 (IFN-y is the direct inducer)
3) promotes class switching to strongly opsonizing antibodies, IgG1 and IgG3
4) involved in interferon response to viruses by inducing health cells to up regulate MHC class I molecules

20
Q

IL-4

A

1) promotes TH2 differentiation (made by NK cells)
2) Activates mast cells and eosinophils
3) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-5 and IL-13) for tissue repair
4) promotes B cell activation and class switching to weakly opsonizing antibodies, IgG2, IgE, and IgG4

21
Q

IL-5

A

made by TH2 cells

1) promote TH2 differentiation
2) promotes class switching to IgA
3) promotes eosinophil growth
4) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-13) for tissue repair

22
Q

IL-6

A

can promote TH2 or

TH17 (along with IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-B) differentiation

23
Q

IL-10

A

made by Tregs, TH2- think anti-inflammatory, and alternative macrophages

1) promote TH2 differentiation
2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides
3) promotes MHC II expression on B cells
4) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages

24
Q

TGF-B

A

produced by Tregs and alternative macrophages

1) inhibits B cell growth and IgA class switching
2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides
3) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages
4) promotes Ig2 and Ig4 class switching

25
Q

IL-17

A

pro-inflammatory, TH-17

1) stimulates epithelial cells to produce neutrophil chemotractants
2) stimulates fibroblasts and epithelial cells to secrete chemokines

26
Q

IL-22

A

pro-inflammatory, TH-17

1) stimulates antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells

27
Q

IL-21 and IL-23

A

produced by classical macrophages

promote TH17 differentiation (with IL-6 and TGF-B)

28
Q

CD62L

A

aka L-selectin

surface molecules on naive T cells and CD4 effector T cells that allow them toe enter HEVS in 2ndary lymph tissue

29
Q

VLA-4

A

surface molecule on effector T cells that allow them to move through activated vasculature via binding to VCAM-1

30
Q

Fas ligand

A

produced by CTLs and initiate capsize cascade

31
Q

LT (lymphotoxin)/TNF-B

A

produced by TH1 and CTLs

1) induce macrophages to produce NO
2) inhibit B and T cell growth
3) activates neutrophils

32
Q

IL-3

A

produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLs

growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow

33
Q

GMCSF

A

produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLs

growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow

34
Q

CD19/CD81

A

surface markers on B cells that amplify intensity of 1st activation to B cells

35
Q

IL-13

A

1) alternatively activate macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-5)
2) during allergic inflammation in asthma causes increased production of IgE from B cells, increased expression of FcRII (for IgE) on cells, increases mucus production and fibrosis, and increases corticosteroid resistance by activating p39 mitrogen-actvated protein kinase

CMOD Week 3 (10 decks)

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