Cytokines/Receptors/Chemokines Flashcards
IL-7
B cell growth factor produced by bone marrow stream cells during development. No IL-7= normal no. of B cells, but they are non-functional
C5a
Chemotactic factor for neutrophils and promotes activation of AA pathway in inflammation
How can C5a be produced?
via C5 convertase and Thrombin (think Hageman pathway)
CR2
Co-receptor on B cells that can bind C3b and when engaged amplifies the 1st activation signal to B cells (remember that the transduction of the first activation signal requires engagement of multiple BCRs so having CR2 engaged lessens the amount needed)
IL-8
Chemotactic factor for neutrophils from classical macrophages
IL-1
1) Activates fibroblasts in chronic inflammation and tissue repair
2) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria
3) Upregulates IL-6 production in the liver
4) Systemically causes fever by activating the AA pathway (specifically PGE2)
Extra: Increases insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (with TNF-a) in chronic inflammation
IL-12
1) made by macrophages and locally activates NK cells to fight viral infection
2) produced by APCs to promote differentiation of THO to TH1 (along with IFN-y)
CXCL8
made by macrophages and similar to IL-8 in acting as a neutrophil and basophil attractant
TNF-a
Made by TH1, TH2, CTLS, and macrophages
1) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria
2) Systemically induced fever (similar to IL-1)
3) when made by TH1, TH2, or CTLs induce macrophages to make NO
IL-6
Systemically induces fever by acting on hypothalamus and activates acute phase PRRS from liver (CRP, MBP, Fibrinogen, SAA protein)
MIC
upregulated in virally-stressed cells and induce degranulation of NK cells
remember expression of MHC I prevents this
IFN-a/B
Induces up regulation of MHC I on non-virally infected cells to prevent Nk activation and helps NK cells to act when appropriate
CD10/CD19/CD20
lymphoid progenitor cell surface marker that can be used to diagnosis C-ALL and B-ALL
CD-1
thymocyte surface marker used to diagnosis T-ALL
CD34
hematopoietic stem cell surface marker
DC-CK
secreted by dendritic cells as a chemotactic factor that increases the rate of MHC:peptide complex sampling from mature DCs in 2ndary lymph nodes
IL-2
secreted by activated naive T cells and CTLs in order to promote clonal expansion of the cell and by TH1s to help activate macrophages to help activate CTLs
CD25
high affinity IL-2 receptor expressed by T cells once they are activated by B cells to promote clonal expansion
IFN-y
produced by TH1 and CTL (think intracellular), NK cells, and yD T cells (?)
1) classically activates macrophages to up regulate B7 expression to activate CD8 T cells
2) promotes TH1 differentiation with IL-12 (IFN-y is the direct inducer)
3) promotes class switching to strongly opsonizing antibodies, IgG1 and IgG3
4) involved in interferon response to viruses by inducing health cells to up regulate MHC class I molecules
IL-4
1) promotes TH2 differentiation (made by NK cells)
2) Activates mast cells and eosinophils
3) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-5 and IL-13) for tissue repair
4) promotes B cell activation and class switching to weakly opsonizing antibodies, IgG2, IgE, and IgG4
IL-5
made by TH2 cells
1) promote TH2 differentiation
2) promotes class switching to IgA
3) promotes eosinophil growth
4) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-13) for tissue repair
IL-6
can promote TH2 or
TH17 (along with IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-B) differentiation
IL-10
made by Tregs, TH2- think anti-inflammatory, and alternative macrophages
1) promote TH2 differentiation
2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides
3) promotes MHC II expression on B cells
4) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages
TGF-B
produced by Tregs and alternative macrophages
1) inhibits B cell growth and IgA class switching
2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides
3) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages
4) promotes Ig2 and Ig4 class switching
IL-17
pro-inflammatory, TH-17
1) stimulates epithelial cells to produce neutrophil chemotractants
2) stimulates fibroblasts and epithelial cells to secrete chemokines
IL-22
pro-inflammatory, TH-17
1) stimulates antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells
IL-21 and IL-23
produced by classical macrophages
promote TH17 differentiation (with IL-6 and TGF-B)
CD62L
aka L-selectin
surface molecules on naive T cells and CD4 effector T cells that allow them toe enter HEVS in 2ndary lymph tissue
VLA-4
surface molecule on effector T cells that allow them to move through activated vasculature via binding to VCAM-1
Fas ligand
produced by CTLs and initiate capsize cascade
LT (lymphotoxin)/TNF-B
produced by TH1 and CTLs
1) induce macrophages to produce NO
2) inhibit B and T cell growth
3) activates neutrophils
IL-3
produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLs
growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow
GMCSF
produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLs
growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow
CD19/CD81
surface markers on B cells that amplify intensity of 1st activation to B cells
IL-13
1) alternatively activate macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-5)
2) during allergic inflammation in asthma causes increased production of IgE from B cells, increased expression of FcRII (for IgE) on cells, increases mucus production and fibrosis, and increases corticosteroid resistance by activating p39 mitrogen-actvated protein kinase
