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USMLE Step I Pharmacology > Cytokines of Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Cytokines of Innate Immunity Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)–principal cell sources

A
  • macrophages
  • T cells
  • mast cells
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2
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • endothelial cells–activation (inflammation, coagulation)
  • neutrophils–activation
  • hypothalamus–fever
  • liver–synthesis of acute phase proteins
  • muscle, fat–catabolism (cachexia)
  • many cell types–apoptosis
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3
Q

IL-1–principal cell source(s)

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • endothelial cells
  • some epithelial cells
  • mast cells
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4
Q

IL-1–principal cell targets and biologic effects

A
  • endothelial cells–activation (inflammation, coagulation)
  • hypothalamus–fever
  • liver–synthesis of acute phase proteins
  • T cells–Th 17 differentiation
  • osteoclasts–bone breakdown, resorb Ca from bone
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5
Q

IL-2–principal cell sources

A
  • helper T cells (CD4)
  • cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
  • large granular lymphocytes
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6
Q

IL-2–principal cell targets

A
  • activated T cells and B cells
  • NK cells
  • macrophages
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7
Q

IL-2–effects

A
  • cell growth, proliferation, and activation
  • synthesis of antibodies
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8
Q

IL-3–principal cell sources

A
  • T cells
  • mast cells
  • eosinophils
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9
Q

IL-3–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • mast cells–growth and histamine release
  • stem cells–growth and differentiation
    • stimulates proliferation in hematopoietic cells
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10
Q

IL-4–principal cell sources

A
  • T cells
  • mast cells
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11
Q

IL-4–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • activated B cells–proliferation and differentiation; IgG and IgE synthesis
  • macrophages–induces MHC class II expression, inhibits production of pro inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF)
  • T cells–proliferation
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12
Q

IL-5–principal cell sources

A
  • Th2 cells
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13
Q

IL-5–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • activated B cells–proliferation and differentiation, IgA synthesis
  • eosinophils–growth and activation
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14
Q

IL-6–principal cell sources

A
  • macrophages
  • endothelial cells
  • T cells
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15
Q

IL-6–principal cellular targets and effects

A
  • liver–synthesis of acute phase proteins
  • B cells–proliferation of antibody producing cells
  • stem cells–differentiation
  • osteoclasts–bone breakdown, Ca resorption
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16
Q

IL-7–principal cell sources

A
  • thymic stromal cells
  • bone marrow
  • spleen
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17
Q

IL-7–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • stem cells–differentiation into progenitor B and T cells
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18
Q

IL-8–principal cell sources

A
  • macrophages
  • endothelial cells
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19
Q

IL-8–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • neutrophils–chemotaxis
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20
Q

IL-9–principal cell source

A
  • T cells
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21
Q

IL-9–principal cell targets

A
  • T cells
  • mast cells
  • neutrophils
  • epithelial cells
22
Q

IL-9–effects

A
  • proliferation
  • promotes Th2 cytokine secretion
23
Q

IL-10–principal cell source(s)

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • T cells
24
Q

IL-10–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • macrophages, dendritic cells–inhibition of cytokine and chemokine production; reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC molecules
25
Q

IL-12–principal cell source(s)

A
  • dendritic cells
  • macrophages
26
Q

IL-12–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • NK cells and T cells–IFN gamma production; increased cytotoxic activity
  • T cells–Th1 differentiation
27
Q

IL-13–principal cell source(s)

A
  • T cells
28
Q

IL-13–principal cell targets

A
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • macrophages
29
Q

IL-13–effects

A
  • goblet cell activation in lung and gut
  • proliferation and promotion of IgE production
  • regulation of cell mediated immunity
30
Q

IL-14–principal cell source(s)

A
  • T cells
31
Q

IL-14–principal cell target and effects

A
  • B cells–promotion of B cell growth
32
Q

IL-15–principal cell source(s)

A
  • macrophages
  • others
33
Q

IL-15–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • NK cells–proliferation
  • T cells–proliferation
34
Q

IL-16–principal cell sources

A
  • T cells
  • eosinophils
  • mast cells
35
Q

IL-16–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • CD4 T cells–recruitment of CD4 T cells
36
Q

IL-17–principal cell source(s)

A
  • Th17 cells
  • others
37
Q

IL-17–principal cell targets

A
  • mucosal tissues
  • epithelial and endothelial cells
38
Q

IL-17–effects

A
  • proinflammatory
  • protective immunity in lung
  • tight junction integrity
  • promotes mobilization of neutrophils and cytokine production by epithelial cells
  • promotes angiogenesis
39
Q

IL-18–principal cell sources

A
  • macrophages
40
Q

IL-18–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • NK cells and T cells–IFN gamma synthesis
41
Q

chemokines–principal cell sources

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • endothelial cells
  • T lymphocytes
  • fibroblasts
  • platelets
42
Q

chemokines–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • leukocytes–increased integrin affinity, chemotaxis, activation
43
Q

Type I IFNs–principal cell sources

A
  • IFN alpha–dendritic cells, macrophages
  • IFN beta–fibroblasts
44
Q

Type I IFNs–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • all cells–antivirial state, increased class I MHC expression
  • NK cells–activation
45
Q

TGF beta–principal cell sources

A
  • many cell types
46
Q

TGF beta–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • inhibition of inflammation
  • T cells–differentiation of Th17, regulatory T cells
47
Q

IFN gamma–principal cell sources

A
  • NK cells
  • T lymphocytes
48
Q

IFN gamma–principal cell targets and effects

A
  • activation of macrophages
  • stimulation of some antibody responses
49
Q

name the pro-inflammatory cytokines

A
  • IL-1
  • TNF
  • IFN gamma
  • IL-12
  • IL-18
  • granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
50
Q

name the anti-inflammatory cytokines

A
  • IL-4
  • IL-10
  • IL-13
  • IFN alpha
  • TGF beta

USMLE Step I Pharmacology (17 decks)

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