Cytokines of Adaptive immunity (Heck)

Question 1

Cytokines of adaptive immunity

Answer 1

IL2, IL4, IL5, IfN-gamma and TGF-b

Question 2

IL2 function

Answer 2

mediates growth and differentiation of T lymphocytes. and stimulates NK differentiation and proliferation

Question 3

what type of cell req IL2 for survival

Answer 3

T regulatory cells

Question 4

How does IL2 promote T cell growth

Answer 4

Induces anti-apoptotic BCL-2 to promote survival

Promotes cell cycle through cyclin synthesis and p27 degradation

Question 5

What cells produce IL2

Answer 5

CD4+ T cells

Question 6

What stimulates the release of IL2 from T helper cells

Answer 6

Ags and costimulators

Question 7

What are the functions of IL4

Answer 7

stimulates differentiation of CD4+ T cells to TH2 cells and inhibits the differentiation into TH1
stimulates the defense reactions of mast and eosinophil cells

Question 8

IL4 has what effect on B cells

Answer 8

switch to IgE

Question 9

What cells produce IL4

Answer 9

TH2 subset of T helper

Mast cells

Question 10

What are they systemic activities of IgE

Answer 10

originally for parasitic infections, but now the principle mediator of hypersensitivity (allergies)

Question 11

What IL induce fibrosis

Answer 11

IL4 via arginase and IL13 via same way

Question 12

What stimulates B cells to proliferate and produce IgA

Answer 12

IL 5 because IgA is on mucosa and parasites usually found in GI

Question 13

What produces IL5

Answer 13

TH2 and activated mast cells

Question 14

What is the clinical application of IL5

Answer 14

the eosinophils kill worms and kill opsonized microbes with IgA and IgG

Question 15

Where is IgG found

Answer 15

serum

Question 16

cytokines found in TH2 subset

Answer 16

IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL13

Question 17

What IL has shared affects with IL4

Answer 17

IL13

Question 18

What produces IL13(rank in order of the most dominant producer of IL13)

Answer 18

CD4+ TH2 helper cells
during early phase allergic response- TH1 and NK
Basophils and Eosinophils

Question 19

What cells express R for IL13

Answer 19

B cells, mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils
Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells
Bronchial epithelial
Not T cells

Question 20

clinical application of IL13 in allergic inflammation

Answer 20

promotes fibrosis via arginase 1- induces collagen expression in macrophages & fibroblasts
Induces TGF-b to promote fibrosis
Induces mucus production- goblet cells
Induces IgE class
Induces inflammation thru recruitment of VCAM-1

Question 21

What induces production of IFNgamma

Answer 21

intracellular microbes IL12 stimulates release of IFN-gamma

Question 22

Activation of IFNgamma R induces what cascade

Answer 22

reactive oxygen and nitric oxide within lysosomes to destroy microbes

Question 23

IFN-gamma tells macrophages to do what?

Answer 23

kill what is in phagosome, if in cytosol CD*+ will bind and kill infected cell

Question 24

What does IFN-gamma promote

Answer 24

TH1 differentiation and inhibits TH2
B cell to switch to IgG and inhibits IgE
APC activity- stimulates HLA I and II

Question 25

What cells produce IFN-gamma, what stimulates this

Answer 25

NK
TH1
CD8+ T cells
stimulated by IL12

Question 26

What is the role of TGFb

Answer 26

inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes and leukocytes via counteracting cytokines on neutrophils and endothelial cells
stimulates B cells to produce IgA
stimulates healing- fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 27

What cells produce TGFb

Answer 27

Antigen stimulated T cells
LPS-activated phagocytes
Regulatory T cells

Question 28

What are the 2 specific responses of macrophages

Answer 28

classical: via APC
Alternative: persistant infection, increase arginase and fibrosis, inhibit TH1

Question 29

Acute infection vs persistant THcells

Answer 29

acute–> TH1

persistant–>TH2