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Immunology > Cytokines (Me) > Flashcards

Cytokines (Me) Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1:

Main producers

Acts upon…

Effects

A

macrophages & keratinocytes

lymphocytes & liver

lymphocytes: enhances responses
liver: induces acute-phase protein secretion

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2
Q

IL-6:

Main producers

Acts upon…

Effects

A

macrophages & dendritic cells

lymphocytes & liver

lymphocytes: enhances responses
liver: induces acute-phase protein secretion

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3
Q

CXCL8 (IL-8)

Main producers

Acts upon…

Effects

A

macrophages & dendritic cells

phagocytes

chemoattractant for neutrophils

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4
Q

IL-12

Main producers

Acts upon…

Effects

A

macrophages & dendritic cells

naive T cells

diverts immune responses to TH1, pro-inflammatory, cytokine secretion

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5
Q

TNF-alpha

Main producers

Acts upon…

Effects

A

macrophages & dendritic cells

vascular endothelium

induces changes in vascular endothelium (expression of cell-adhesion molecules like E- and P-selectin, changes in cell-cell junctions w/ increased fluid loss, local blood clotting)

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6
Q

IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:

Effects on liver

A

acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin)

activation of complement, opsonization

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7
Q

IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:

Effects on bone marrow & endothelium

A

neutrophil moblization

phagocytosis

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8
Q

IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:

Effects on hypothalamus

A

increased body temperature

decreased viral & bacterial replication, increased antigen processing, increased specific immune response

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9
Q

IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:

Effects on fat & muscle

A

protein & energy mobilization to allow increased body temperature

decreased viral & bacterial replication, increased antigen processing, increased specific immune response

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10
Q

IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:

Effects on dendritic cells

A

TNF-alpha stimulates migration to lymph nodes & maturation

initiation of adaptive immune response

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11
Q

Roles of IFN-alpha & IFN-beta in virally infected cells (4)

A 
induce resistance to viral replication in all cells
increase MHC class I expression & antigen presentation in all cells

activate dendritic cells & macrophages

activate NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

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12
Q

IL-1:

Local effects

Systemic effects

A

activates vascular endothelium
activates lymphocytes
local tissue destruction
increases access of effector cells

fever
production of IL-6

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13
Q

IL-8:

Local effects

A

chemotactic factor for leukocytes
increases access of effector cells
activates binding by beta-2 integrins
activation of PMNs (w/ TNF-alpha)

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14
Q

TNF-alpha:

Local effects

Systemic effects

A

activates vascular endothelium & increases vascular permeability, which leads to increased entry of IgG, complement, & cells, & increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes

fever
mobilization of metabolites
shock

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15
Q

IL-6:

Local effects

Systemic effects

A

lymphocyte activation
increased antibody production

fever
induces acute-phase protein production

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16
Q

IL-12:

Local effects

A

activates NK cells
induces the differentiation of CD4 T cells into TH1 cells
stimulates T cells & NK cells to release more IFN-gamma to activate macrophages

17
Q

IL-10 & TGF-beta:

Produced by…

Functions

A

Tregs

inhibit priming & proliferation of T cells in the LNs & the effector functions of helper & killer T cells as well as NK cells

18
Q

IFN-gamma & TNF-alpha:

Released from…

Activate…

A

CTLs & CD4+ Th1 cells

macrophages

19
Q

4 cytokines released by NKT cells to promote or suppress different immune responses

A

IL-2
IFN-gamma
TNF-alpha
IL-4

20
Q

CD56

A

Cytokine expressed in high amounts in the few NK cells found in LNs

21
Q

IFN-gamma & CD40L stimulate _ to produce _, which stimulates _ to keep producing _

A

DCs to produce IL-12

NK cells to keep producing IFN-gamma

22
Q

Presence of _ & _ during DC_cross-talk with CD4+ helper cells helps bias the CD4+ cells towards Th1 types of immune responses

A

IFN-gamma

IL-12

23
Q

IL-2

Produced by…

Causes…

AKA…

A

activated CD4 cells

proliferation of activated T cells

T cell growth factor

24
Q

Cytokines favored in TH1 vs. TH2 responses

A

TH1: IL-12

TH2: IL-4 & IL-5

Immunology (5 decks)

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