Cytokines (Me) Flashcards
IL-1:
Main producers
Acts upon…
Effects
macrophages & keratinocytes
lymphocytes & liver
lymphocytes: enhances responses
liver: induces acute-phase protein secretion
IL-6:
Main producers
Acts upon…
Effects
macrophages & dendritic cells
lymphocytes & liver
lymphocytes: enhances responses
liver: induces acute-phase protein secretion
CXCL8 (IL-8)
Main producers
Acts upon…
Effects
macrophages & dendritic cells
phagocytes
chemoattractant for neutrophils
IL-12
Main producers
Acts upon…
Effects
macrophages & dendritic cells
naive T cells
diverts immune responses to TH1, pro-inflammatory, cytokine secretion
TNF-alpha
Main producers
Acts upon…
Effects
macrophages & dendritic cells
vascular endothelium
induces changes in vascular endothelium (expression of cell-adhesion molecules like E- and P-selectin, changes in cell-cell junctions w/ increased fluid loss, local blood clotting)
IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:
Effects on liver
acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin)
activation of complement, opsonization
IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:
Effects on bone marrow & endothelium
neutrophil moblization
phagocytosis
IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:
Effects on hypothalamus
increased body temperature
decreased viral & bacterial replication, increased antigen processing, increased specific immune response
IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:
Effects on fat & muscle
protein & energy mobilization to allow increased body temperature
decreased viral & bacterial replication, increased antigen processing, increased specific immune response
IL-1 beta / IL-6 / TNF-alpha:
Effects on dendritic cells
TNF-alpha stimulates migration to lymph nodes & maturation
initiation of adaptive immune response
Roles of IFN-alpha & IFN-beta in virally infected cells (4)
induce resistance to viral replication in all cells increase MHC class I expression & antigen presentation in all cells
activate dendritic cells & macrophages
activate NK cells to kill virus-infected cells
IL-1:
Local effects
Systemic effects
activates vascular endothelium
activates lymphocytes
local tissue destruction
increases access of effector cells
fever
production of IL-6
IL-8:
Local effects
chemotactic factor for leukocytes
increases access of effector cells
activates binding by beta-2 integrins
activation of PMNs (w/ TNF-alpha)
TNF-alpha:
Local effects
Systemic effects
activates vascular endothelium & increases vascular permeability, which leads to increased entry of IgG, complement, & cells, & increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes
fever
mobilization of metabolites
shock
IL-6:
Local effects
Systemic effects
lymphocyte activation
increased antibody production
fever
induces acute-phase protein production
IL-12:
Local effects
activates NK cells
induces the differentiation of CD4 T cells into TH1 cells
stimulates T cells & NK cells to release more IFN-gamma to activate macrophages
IL-10 & TGF-beta:
Produced by…
Functions
Tregs
inhibit priming & proliferation of T cells in the LNs & the effector functions of helper & killer T cells as well as NK cells
IFN-gamma & TNF-alpha:
Released from…
Activate…
CTLs & CD4+ Th1 cells
macrophages
4 cytokines released by NKT cells to promote or suppress different immune responses
IL-2
IFN-gamma
TNF-alpha
IL-4
CD56
Cytokine expressed in high amounts in the few NK cells found in LNs
IFN-gamma & CD40L stimulate _ to produce _, which stimulates _ to keep producing _
DCs to produce IL-12
NK cells to keep producing IFN-gamma
Presence of _ & _ during DC_cross-talk with CD4+ helper cells helps bias the CD4+ cells towards Th1 types of immune responses
IFN-gamma
IL-12
IL-2
Produced by…
Causes…
AKA…
activated CD4 cells
proliferation of activated T cells
T cell growth factor
Cytokines favored in TH1 vs. TH2 responses
TH1: IL-12
TH2: IL-4 & IL-5
