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Cytokines & Chemokines Flashcards

0
Q

IL-1 + TNF Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: Macrophage
  • T & R:
    • Vascular Endothelial cells:
      • Secrete CXCL8 (IL-8) & MCP-1 (CCL2)
      • express E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1
      • Upregulate expression of ICAM-2
    • Hypothalamus: ​
      • Play a role in induction of fever (when systemic)
    • Macrohages: Enhance cytokine & chemokine secretion
    • Play a role in lowering blood pressure leading to shock
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1
Q

IL-1

Source, Target, Role

A

S: Macrophages

T: 1) Vascular Endothelial cells

2) Monocytes
3) Thp cells

Role:

1) See IL-1 + TNF synergistic role in inflammation
2) Role in differentiation of monocytes to macrophages
3) In human cells, role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells (with IL-23 & TGFb)

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2
Q

GM-CSF

Source, Target Cell, Role

A

S: Monocytes, Fibroblasts, Endothelial cells & Tcells

Target cell: Myeloid Progenitor, Dendritic cells

R: Differentiation of a myloid progenitor to a GM progenitor in Hematopoeisis. Enhance dendritic cell maturation, prolif, and migration

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3
Q

M-CSF

S, T cell, R

A

S: Monocytes, Fibroblasts & Endothelial cells

T: GM-progenitor

Role: Differentiation of a myeloid progenitor to a monocyte in hematopoeisis

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4
Q

G-CSF

Source, Target Cell, Role

A

S: Monocyte

T: GM-progenitor

R: Differentiation of a myeloid progenitor to a granulocyte in hematopoiesis

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5
Q

IL-12

Source, Target Cell, Role

A

S: Macrophages, Dendritic cells

T: NK Cells

R: Activate NK cells to secrete IFNy

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6
Q

IL-15

Source, Target Cell, Role

A

S: Macrophages, Dendritic cells

T: NK Cells

Role: Enhances IFNy induced by IL-12

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7
Q

IL-18

Source, Target Cell, Role

A

Source: Macrophages & Dendritic cells

Target Cell: NK Cells

Role: Enhances IFNy induced by IL-12

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8
Q

IL-23

Source, Target Cell, Role

A

Source: Macrophages & Dendritic cells

Target Cell: Th17 cells

Role: Stabilization of Th17 cells during differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells in the presence of TGFb, IL-1 or IL-6

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9
Q

IFNy

Source, Role

A
  • S: Th1 & NK cells
  • R:
    • Enhances NADPH oxidase
    • Activates iNOS
    • Th2 cells: Down regulates production of Th2 cytokines
    • Th0 cells: Critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 phenotype
    • pre-CTL, CTL: Promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation (with IL-2)
    • Nucleated cells: Enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells
    • APC: Enhances expression of Class II MHC antigen presenting cells (APC)
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10
Q

TGFb

Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: Macrophages, Th2
  • T:
    • iNOS: Down regulates iNOS in phagocyted (most effective)
    • a/i Treg cells: Critical role in differentiation of Thp to a/i Tregs
    • Th17 cells: Differentiation of Thp to Th17 cells (needs IL-23 + IL-1)
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11
Q

TNF

Source, Role

A
  • S: Th1 & Macrophages
  • Role:
    • Activates NADPH oxidase
    • Activates iNOS
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12
Q

Downregulators of iNOS

(+ Source)

A
  • TGFb (most effective) from Macrophages & Th2
  • IL-10 & IL-4 from Th2
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13
Q

IL-8 & CXCL8

Source, Target, Role

A
  • Source: Macrophages, Activated Vascular, Endothelial cells
  • T: Neutrophils
  • Role: Attracts (chemotaxis) to sites of Inflammation
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14
Q

MCP-1/CCL2

Target, Role

A
  • S: Macropahges, Activated Vascular, Endothelial cells
  • T: Monocytes
  • R: Attract monocytes to sites of inflammation & to normall tissues (mobilization & chemotaxis)
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15
Q

IL-6

Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: Macrophage, Th2 cells
  • Target:
    • Hepatocyte: Binds to cognate receptors in hepatocytes which leads to secretion of C-reactive protein (CRP) - inflammation
    • Thp: In the murine system, role in differentiation of Thp to Th17
16
Q

IL-3

Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: T-cells
  • T & R:
    • Pluripotent Stem Cell: Hematopoeisis, important for development of both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells
    • Myeloid Progenitor: Differentiation of myeloid progenitor to basophil
17
Q

Armamentarium produced by NADPH oxidase activation:

A
  1. Superoxide
  2. Hydrogen Peroxide
  3. Hydroxyl radical
  4. Hydroxyl ion
  5. Hypochlorite
18
Q

IL-8/CXCL 8

Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: Macrophages, Activated Vascular & Endothelial cell
  • T: Neutrophils
  • R: Chemokine
19
Q

MCP-1/CCL2

S,T,R

A
  • Source: Macrophages, Activated vascular, Endothelial cells
  • T: Monocytes
  • R: Chemotactic
20
Q

Eotaxin/CCL11

S, T, R

A

S: Epithelial cells & Fibroblasts

T: Eosinophils

R: Chemotactic

21
Q

VCAM-1 interacts with

ICAM-1 & ICAM-2 interacts with

A
  • VCAM-1 interacts with VLA-4 (CD49d & CD29) on monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils
  • ICAM-1 & ICAM-2 interacts with LFA-1 (CD11a & CD18) on neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils
22
Q

Armamentarium

A
  1. Defensins
  2. Lysozyme
  3. Lactoferrin
  4. Myeloperoxidase
23
Q

IL-5

Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: Basophils, Mast Cells, Th2 cells
  • T: Myeloid progenitor
  • R:
    • Hematopoeisis: differentiation of eosinophils
    • Chemotactic for eosinophils
    • Activation eosinophils
24
Q

IL-4

Source, Target, Role

A
  • S: Basophils, Mast cells, Th2 cells
  • T & R:
    • Phagocytes: Down regulates iNOS, not as effective as TGFB
    • Th0: Crtical for Th0 differentiation to Th2 phenotype
    • Down regulates production of Th1 cytokines
25
Q

IL-10

S, T, & R

A
  • Source: Th2 cells
  • Target & R:
    • Dendritic cell, Macrophages: Down regulates IL-12
    • Phagocyte: Down regulates iNOS, not as effective as TGFb
26
Q

IFN alpha/Beta

S, T, R

A
  • Source: Virally infected cells
  • Target: Severally cells that express cognate receptors
  • Role:
    • Triggers production of 2’5’ oligoadenylate synthetase, which interferes with replication of some viruses
    • Increase expression of Class I on nucleated cells
    • ( Note: these cytokines are Type 1 interferons)
27
Q

IL-2

S, T, R

A
  • S: Th1 (Thp, Th0) cells
  • Target:
    • Th1, Thp, Th0: Proleferation of Th1, Thp, Th0
    • pre-CTL, CTL: Proliferation of pre-CTL and CTL
    • pre-CTL, CTL: Differentiation of Pre-CTL to CTL (with IFNy)
    • Treg cells: Survival, Proliferation, Activation of Tregs
    • NK cells: High converts NK cells to LAK cells in culture
28
Q

IL-17

S, T, R

A
  • Source: Th17
  • T: Wide range of cells
  • R:
    • Chemotactic for neutrophils
    • Key role in fungal infections
    • Induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from sevceral cell types
29
Q

IL-21

S, T, R

A
  • Source: Th17
  • T: Th17
  • R: Autocrine & paracrine amplification factor for Th17 cells (growth factor for Th17 cells)
30
Q

Il-22

S, T, R

A
  • S: Th17 cells
  • T: Wide range of cells
  • R: Proinflammatory and elevated in several inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis)
31
Q

IL-33

S, T, R

A
  • Source: Damaged Endothelial,** Epithelial** cells & Mast cells
  • T: Mast cells
  • R:
    • Activated mast cells
    • Memeber of alarmin family (molecules released upon tissue damage)
    • Dysregulation IL-33 contributes to asthma, arthiritis and inflammatory bowel syndrome

Immunology (3 decks)

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