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Immunology > Cytokines/chemokines > Flashcards

Cytokines/chemokines Flashcards

1
Q

IL 1 and TNF

A
  1. Important for inflammation.
  2. Activate macrophages to secrete IL 1, 6, 12, TNF and the chemokines IL 8, MCP 1
  3. Activate endothelial cells to secrete de novo ICAM 1, VCAM 1, and E-Selectin and enhanced expression of ICAM 2. Also chemokines IL 8, MCP 1
  4. Systemically act on hypothalamus to induce fever and plays key role in lowering blood pressure leading to shock.
  5. Source for il1 is macrophages
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2
Q

TNF alone

A

targets phagocytes and enhances NADPH oxidase and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Source: macrophages and th1

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3
Q

IL 2

A
  1. Growth factor for T cells
  2. Enhances NK cell cytotoxicity (LAK)
  3. plays a role in pCTL to CTL differentiation
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4
Q

IL 3

A

Hematopoiesis for both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cell development.

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5
Q

IL 4

A
  1. Required for isotype switch to IgE
  2. Down regulation of Th1 cytokine production
  3. Down regulation of iNOS (not as effective as TGFB
  4. Shifts Th0 response to Th2 phenotype
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6
Q

IL 5

A
  1. Hematopoiesis differentiation of Eosinophils
  2. Chemotactic for eosinophils; recruiting eosinophils to tissues
  3. activation of eosinophils
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7
Q

IL 6

A
  1. Stimulus for secretion of C reactive Protein from hepatocyte (inflammation)
  2. In the presence of TGFB in plays a role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells
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8
Q

IL 7

A

hematopoiesis - role for B and T cell differentiation (Bone Marrow and Thymus)

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9
Q

IL 10

A
  1. Down regulates IL 12 secretion by dendritic cells and macrophages (leads to down regulation of Th1 cytokines.
  2. Down regulates iNOS but is not as effective as TGFB
  3. Inhibitory molecule
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10
Q

IL 12

A

Activates NK cells to secrete IFNgamma (enhanced in the presence of IL 15 or IL 18.

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11
Q

IL 13

A
  1. In lung mediator of allergic asthma

2. Plays a role in helminth infections

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12
Q

IL 15

A

plays a role with IL 12 in inducing NK cell to secrete IFNgamma

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13
Q

IL 17

A
  1. induces expression of proinflammmatory cytokines and chemokines from many cells (IL 6, 8, GM-CSF, G-CSF and metalloproteinases for macrophages and other cell types)
  2. Autoimmune disorders if Th17 cells specific for self antigen
  3. chemotactic for neutrophils
  4. role in fungal infections and extracellular bacterial infections
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14
Q

IL 18

A

plays a role (along with IL 12) in inducing NK cells to secrete INFgamma

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15
Q

IL 21

A

Growth factor (amplification) of Th17 cells

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16
Q

IL 22

A

proinflammatory- has been shown to be elevated in several inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis

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17
Q

IL 23

A
  1. role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells in the presence of TGFB and IL 6 or 1
  2. proinflammatory cytokine that is composed of 2 subunits (p19 and p40). p40 is common to IL 12 and 23
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18
Q

IL 33

A
  1. activates mast cells
  2. upregulated in intestinal parasite infection
  3. Th2 cells have receptors for IL 33, function???
  4. member of the alarmin family, molecules that are released upon tissue necrosis (endothelial cells, epithelial cells) IL 33 can trigger many immunological responses in response to trauma or damage. Some immune cells secrete alarmins without undergoing necrosis
  5. dysregulated IL 33 contributes to asthma, arthritis and inflammatory bowel disorder
19
Q

IFNgamma

A
  1. Activates iNOS
  2. Enhances activation of NADPH oxidase
  3. Down regulates production of Th2 cytokines
  4. Critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 differentiation
  5. Along with IL 2 promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation
  6. Enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells
  7. Enhances expression of Class II MHC on antigen presenting cells
20
Q

IFNalpha and IFNbeta

A
  1. Triggers production of enzymes like 2,5 oligoadenylate synthase, that interfere with replication of some viruses
  2. Inhibition of T cell proliferation
  3. Increase expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells
21
Q

TGFB

A
  1. in phagocytes, Most effective down regulator of iNOS
  2. critical for differentiation of Th0 cells to a/i Tregs
  3. In the presence of IL 6 or IL 1 and 23 you get differentiaton of Thp cells to Th17
22
Q

GM-CSF (colony stimulating factor)

A

role in hematopoiesis, differentiation of myeloid progenitor to GM-progenitor. role in mobilization and activation of dendritic cells

23
Q

G-CSF

A

Role in hematopoiesis, differentiation of GM progenitor to granulocyte/Neutrophil

24
Q

M-CSF

A

Role in hematopoiesis, role in differentiation of GM progenitor to monocyte

25
Q

Macrophage secreted cytokines

A

IL 1, 6, 12, 15, 18, TNF, CSFs, GM-CSF

26
Q

Dendritic cells secreted cytokines

A

IL 12, 15, 18, 23

27
Q

NK cell secreted cytokines

A

IFNgamma

28
Q

Mast cell secreted cytokines

A

IL 4, 5, 33

29
Q

T cell secreted cytokines

A

IL 3, GM-CSF

30
Q

Thp cell secreted cytokine

A

IL 2

31
Q

Th0 cell secreted cytokine

A

IL 2, 4, IFNgamma

32
Q

Th1 cell secreted cytokine

A

IL 2, IFNgamma, TNF

33
Q

Th2 cell secreted cytokine

A

IL 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, TGFB

34
Q

Th17 cell secreted cytokine

A

IL 17, 21, 22

35
Q

Bone Marrow Stromal cells secreted cytokine

A

IL 7

36
Q

VIC (virus infected cells) or other pathogen secreted cytokine

A

IFNalpha, IFNbeta

37
Q

Damaged endo/epithelial cells secreted cytokines

A

IL 33

38
Q

Chemokines from Macrophages

A

IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP1/CCL2

39
Q

Chemokines from Endothelial Cells

A

IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP1/CCL2

40
Q

Chemokines from Epithelial Cells

A

Eotaxin/CCL11

41
Q

Chemokines from Fibroblasts

A

Eotaxin/CCL11

42
Q

Role of Chemokines

A

MCP1/CCL2 chemotactic for monocytes
IL8/CXCL8 chemotactic for neutrophils
Eotaxin/CCL11 chemotactic for eosinophils

43
Q

Basophil secreted cytokine

A

IL4

44
Q

IL 1 alone

A

Monocytes: plays a role in differentiating to macrophages
Vascular Endothelium: Critical role is inflammation esp. with TNF.
Thp to Th17: in the presence of IL 23 and TGFB, its role is to differentiate Thp to Th17

Immunology (5 decks)

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