Cytokines/chemokines Flashcards
IL 1 and TNF
- Important for inflammation.
- Activate macrophages to secrete IL 1, 6, 12, TNF and the chemokines IL 8, MCP 1
- Activate endothelial cells to secrete de novo ICAM 1, VCAM 1, and E-Selectin and enhanced expression of ICAM 2. Also chemokines IL 8, MCP 1
- Systemically act on hypothalamus to induce fever and plays key role in lowering blood pressure leading to shock.
- Source for il1 is macrophages
TNF alone
targets phagocytes and enhances NADPH oxidase and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Source: macrophages and th1
IL 2
- Growth factor for T cells
- Enhances NK cell cytotoxicity (LAK)
- plays a role in pCTL to CTL differentiation
IL 3
Hematopoiesis for both myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cell development.
IL 4
- Required for isotype switch to IgE
- Down regulation of Th1 cytokine production
- Down regulation of iNOS (not as effective as TGFB
- Shifts Th0 response to Th2 phenotype
IL 5
- Hematopoiesis differentiation of Eosinophils
- Chemotactic for eosinophils; recruiting eosinophils to tissues
- activation of eosinophils
IL 6
- Stimulus for secretion of C reactive Protein from hepatocyte (inflammation)
- In the presence of TGFB in plays a role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells
IL 7
hematopoiesis - role for B and T cell differentiation (Bone Marrow and Thymus)
IL 10
- Down regulates IL 12 secretion by dendritic cells and macrophages (leads to down regulation of Th1 cytokines.
- Down regulates iNOS but is not as effective as TGFB
- Inhibitory molecule
IL 12
Activates NK cells to secrete IFNgamma (enhanced in the presence of IL 15 or IL 18.
IL 13
- In lung mediator of allergic asthma
2. Plays a role in helminth infections
IL 15
plays a role with IL 12 in inducing NK cell to secrete IFNgamma
IL 17
- induces expression of proinflammmatory cytokines and chemokines from many cells (IL 6, 8, GM-CSF, G-CSF and metalloproteinases for macrophages and other cell types)
- Autoimmune disorders if Th17 cells specific for self antigen
- chemotactic for neutrophils
- role in fungal infections and extracellular bacterial infections
IL 18
plays a role (along with IL 12) in inducing NK cells to secrete INFgamma
IL 21
Growth factor (amplification) of Th17 cells
IL 22
proinflammatory- has been shown to be elevated in several inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
IL 23
- role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells in the presence of TGFB and IL 6 or 1
- proinflammatory cytokine that is composed of 2 subunits (p19 and p40). p40 is common to IL 12 and 23
IL 33
- activates mast cells
- upregulated in intestinal parasite infection
- Th2 cells have receptors for IL 33, function???
- member of the alarmin family, molecules that are released upon tissue necrosis (endothelial cells, epithelial cells) IL 33 can trigger many immunological responses in response to trauma or damage. Some immune cells secrete alarmins without undergoing necrosis
- dysregulated IL 33 contributes to asthma, arthritis and inflammatory bowel disorder
IFNgamma
- Activates iNOS
- Enhances activation of NADPH oxidase
- Down regulates production of Th2 cytokines
- Critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 differentiation
- Along with IL 2 promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation
- Enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells
- Enhances expression of Class II MHC on antigen presenting cells
IFNalpha and IFNbeta
- Triggers production of enzymes like 2,5 oligoadenylate synthase, that interfere with replication of some viruses
- Inhibition of T cell proliferation
- Increase expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells
TGFB
- in phagocytes, Most effective down regulator of iNOS
- critical for differentiation of Th0 cells to a/i Tregs
- In the presence of IL 6 or IL 1 and 23 you get differentiaton of Thp cells to Th17
GM-CSF (colony stimulating factor)
role in hematopoiesis, differentiation of myeloid progenitor to GM-progenitor. role in mobilization and activation of dendritic cells
G-CSF
Role in hematopoiesis, differentiation of GM progenitor to granulocyte/Neutrophil
M-CSF
Role in hematopoiesis, role in differentiation of GM progenitor to monocyte
