Autoimmune Disorders

Question 1

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Answer 1

• Type 2 hypersensitivity
• Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody
• Lung/Kidney damage

Question 2

Cold Agglutinin Disease

Answer 2

Anti-glycophorin antibody

• Anemia
• Test using Blood smear
• Compliment Fixation IgM antibodies

Question 3

Pernicious Anemia (2 types)

Answer 3

1) Anti-parietal Cell (H+/K+ ATPase) antibody, defective RBC (megaloblastic anemia), Test for serum B12, No intrinsic factor can be secreted
2) Antibody specific for Intrinsic Factor. Ab competes with B12 to bind to Intrinsic factor. Same manifestation as #1

Question 4

Graves’ Disease

Answer 4

Anti-TSH Receptor Antibody
Bulging eyes and Goiter
TSH reduced, Free T4 increased.
The antibody mimics TSH action of thyroid

Question 5

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 5

Antibody for AchR. causes muscle weakness

Question 6

Systemic Lupus Erythermatosus (DR2,3)

Answer 6

Antigen: DNA, Leukocytes, Phosphlipid, Nuclear Antigen.
Antibodies for each one.
-Facial Rash, Photosensativity, Spontaneous abortion
-Type 3 Hypersensitivity. Immune complexes get stuck in membrane tissues

Question 7

Rheumatoid Arthritis (DR1,4)

Answer 7

Mixed: Cell mediated and antibodies to Fc region of IgG
-Swollen joints with pain
-Excessive IL1 and TNF and IL17
Type 3 and 4 Hypersensitivity

Question 8

Multiple Sclerosis (DR2)

Answer 8

Cell mediated, Myelin Basic Protein, breaks down myelin
-tingling, numbness, loss of balance, Use MRI to diagnose
Type 4 hypersensativity

Question 9

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Answer 9

Anti-thyroglobulin Antibody. May show prozone effect in hemagglutination assay.
-High TSH, Low free T4
Thyroid gland destroyed, Type 4 hypersensitivity